The Urban Heat Island

Description

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is an area of growing interest for many people studying the urban environment and local/global climate change. The UHI has been scientifically studied for 200 years and, although it is an apparently simple phenomenon, there is considerable confusion around the different types of UHI and their assessment. The Urban Heat Island―A Guidebook provides simple instructions for measuring and analysing the phenomenon, as well as greater context for defining the UHI and the impacts it can have. Readers will be empowered to work within a set of guidelines that enable direct comparison of UHI effects across diverse settings, while informing a wide range of climate mitigation and adaptation programs to modify human behaviour and the built form. This opens the door to true global assessments of local climate change in cities. Urban planning and design strategies can then be evaluated for their effectiveness at mitigating these changes. ba484040_Cover(full permission) Front-Matter_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Copyright_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Copyright Contents Introduction_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Part One List-of-figures-and-tables_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island List of figures and tables No-title-available_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Selected readings Introduction_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island1 Part Two 1---Introduction_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Introduction A brief history of UHI studies Why continue to observe the UHI? UHI case studies UHI impacts Climate change interactions The purpose of this book References 2---The-energetic-basis_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island The energetic basis Energy and energy transfer Radiation Radiation sources and geometry Sensible heat Latent heat Energy balances and budgets An extensive short grass surface The temperature response Paved surfaces Building surfaces Outdoor microclimatic impacts The urban landscape City streets Neighborhoods Modelling the urban energy balance The urban heat island The CUHI The SUHI Comparing the CUHI and SUHI Concluding remarks References 3---UHI-management_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island UHI management A UHI management model Human climates Thermal stresses and strains Managing the human climate Heat mitigation Regulating daytime warming Radiation Turbulent heat exchanges Heat storage ( Δ Q S) Anthropogenic heat emission (Q F) Regulating nighttime cooling Heat adaptation Local wind systems Heat management tools Buildings Streets Neighborhoods Cities Costs and benefits Concluding remarks References 4---Planning-a-CUHI-study_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Planning a CUHI study Preparatory steps What is the purpose of your study? What resources are available to you? Who is your target audience? Designing the study Methods of observation Stationary surveys Mobile surveys Instrumentation Instrument type and technical performance Liquid-in-glass thermometers Thermistors, thermocouples, and electrical resistance thermometers Low-cost sensors Instrument shielding Instrument ventilation Instrument mounting The sampling framework Selection of representative sites Sampling density and frequency Experimental control Quantifying the CUHI magnitude Concluding remarks References 5---Executing-a-CUHI-study_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Executing a CUHI study Compiling metadata Instruments Observing practices Measurement sites Regional weather Quality control of metadata Stratifying metadata Time Site characteristics Weather conditions Processing the data Correlation analysis Regression analysis Numerical models Numerical temperature indicators Illustrating the data Concluding remarks References 6---Conducting-a-SUHI-study_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Conducting a SUHI study Preparing the study Purpose Resources Surface temperature instruments Fixed surveys vs. mobile surveys Satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) data Target audience Planning the study Methods of observation Satellite observations Important considerations Scale and perspective Sampling Defining SUHI magnitude Weather controls Processing Metadata Analysis, interpretation, and presentation Spatial analysis Analysis of physical processes Interpreting the results Presenting the results Concluding remarks References 7---Final-thoughts_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Final thoughts Index_2021_The-Urban-Heat-Island Index A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U W 08b377c7_Back_Cover(full permission)