The Physical Geography of Georgia
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This book is the first to give a comprehensive and detailed overview of the complete physical geography of Georgia in English. It discusses natural and environmental conditions, hydrology, geomorphology, landscapes, and resources and elaborates issues of environmental protection, natural hazards, resource potentials, tourism and many other topics of this multifaceted country. This volume will appeal to researchers, educators and students in the fields of natural and environmental sciences, geography, geology, regional studies and related areas. Preface Contents 1 Location, Territory, Boundaries Abstract 1.1 Territory 1.2 Borders 1.3 Location References 2 Geology Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Stratigraphy and Rock Types of the Different Tectonic Units of Georgia 2.3 Tectonic Structure 2.4 Geodynamic Evolution and Paleotectonic Reconstructions References 3 Hydrogeology and Mineral Waters Abstract References 4 Mineral Resources Abstract References 5 Relief Abstract 5.1 Medium and High Mountain Relief Zone of the Caucasus Range 5.2 Intermountain Plain Zone 5.3 Highland Zone of Southern Georgia 5.4 Morphogenetic Types of Relief and Their Distribution Areas 5.4.1 Tectonic and Petrogenetic Relief 5.4.2 Volcanic Relief 5.4.3 Erosive Relief 5.4.4 Accumulative Relief 5.4.5 Gravitational Relief 5.4.6 Nival-Glacial Relief 5.4.7 Karst Relief 5.4.8 Anthropogenic Relief References 6 Karst of Georgia Abstract References 7 Natural Disasters (Mudflow, Landslide, Etc.) Abstract 7.1 Landslide-Gravitational Hazards 7.2 Debris/Mudflows 7.3 Earthquake 7.4 Flood-Flashflood References 8 Climate Abstract 8.1 Climate-Creating Factors and Climatic Elements of Georgia Solar Radiation 8.2 Hazardous Meteorological Phenomena 8.3 Climate Types 8.4 Climate Change References 9 Black Sea Abstract References 10 Inland Waters Abstract 10.1 Characterization of Some of the River Basins 10.1.1 Enguri River 10.1.2 Rioni River 10.1.3 Alazani River 10.1.4 Tergi River 10.1.5 Lakes 10.2 Characterization of Some of the Lake Basins 10.3 Reservoirs References 11 Glaciers Abstract References 12 Soils Abstract References 13 Flora Abstract 13.1 Vegetation of Western Georgia 13.2 Vegetation of Eastern and Southern Parts of Georgia 13.3 Botanical-Geographical Zoning of Georgia References 14 Fauna Abstract References 15 Landscapes Abstract 15.1 Georgia on the World Background 15.2 Principal Landscapes of Georgia 15.3 Landscape Diversity in Georgia 15.4 Virgin Landscapes 15.5 Phytoresources of the Landscapes 15.6 Anthropogenic Transformation of Landscapes References 16 Tourism and Recreation Abstract References 17 Protected Areas and Remarkable Features of Inorganic Nature Abstract 17.1 Karst Caves 17.2 Canyons and Gorges 17.3 Rock Columns and Towers 17.4 Mud Volcanoes 17.5 Travertines 17.6 Displaced Boulders 17.7 Fossil Flora and Fauna 17.8 Flora 17.9 Fauna 17.10 Hydrographic Monuments 17.11 Lakes 17.12 Vaucluses 17.13 Waterfalls 17.14 Nature Sightseeings References 18 Environment Protection Abstract References
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