Defects and damage in composite materials and structures

Description

"Preface This book aims to provide a detailed description of defects and damage associated with advanced composite materials and structures. The topic of defects and damage in advanced composite materials has been discussed in many reports and articles over the past 50 years. Most of the early work during the 1970s through to the 1990s has not lost any relevance in today's technological understanding of composite materials and structures. In fact, current work in the field of defects and damage only confirms the understanding and outcomes of the earlier work to be relevant and applicable. This book has accumulated the information developed over the past decades and massaged this data and knowledge into a concise document. The author's own experience in the field of in-service activities for composite airframe maintenance and repair is added to that wealth of knowledge, with a particular thrust into the criticality of damage from a structural integrity point of view, the relevance of identifying the damage, and how to repair the defects and damage. Chapter 1 outlines the general applications of composite materials and fundamental definitions of defects and damage. Chapter 2 provides a description of the defects and damage types in composite materials and structures. This chapter categorizes the defects and damage types based on size, occurrence, and location, leading to generalization of the types of defects and damage. Chapter 3 provides guidance into the various NDI methods that can be used to find and identify" Preliminary PagesIntroductionAdvanced Composite Materials The Range of Composite Structural TypesAerospace ApplicationsCivil Infrastructure ApplicationsMarine ApplicationsLand Transport ApplicationsOther ApplicationsDesign Requirements with a Focus on the Damaging EnvironmentWhat the Book ContainsDefinitionsDefectsFailureDamage and Defect DescriptionIntroduction Defect TypesDescriptionClassifications of Defect TypesDefect OccurrenceDefect SizeDefect LocationGeneralization of Defect TypesConclusionsAppendix A - Defect Type DescriptionFinding the Non-ConformityIntroduction NDI MethodsVisual InspectionAcoustic MethodsUltrasonic MethodsThermographyInterferometryRadiographyMicrowaveMaterial Property ChangesIn-Situ MethodsApplication of NDI MethodsNDI Selection ProcessNDI PersonnelImportant RequirementsFailure MechanismsIntroduction Failure Modes and MechanismsBasic Modes of FailureComplex Modes of FailureFailure MechanismsConclusionsLoss of IntegrityIntroduction DefinitionsGeneric Defect TypesStructurally Significance DefectGeneral RepresentationCriticality of DefectsMatrix Cracks (Intralaminar)Delaminations (Interlaminar Matrix Cracks)Fiber Cuts And HolesSummaryRestitution and RepairIntroduction Selection of The Repair MethodRepair Facility CapabilityTypes of DamageOn- or Off-StructureDamaged Component AccessibilityRepair CriteriaGeneric Repair DesignsFilling/Sealing Repair SchemeFilling/Doubler Patch Repair SchemeFlush Bonded Patch Repair SchemeBolted Patch Repair SchemesMatrix CracksDelaminationsHoles and Fiber FractureLow Strength Degrading HolesModerate Strength Degrading HolesFully Structural Repairs to HolesDamage Removal and Surface PreparationRemoving the DamageMoisture RemovalSurface PreparationRepair Scheme Fabrication and ApplicationCure ProcessPost-Repair InspectionSummaryReferences and BibliographyList of Figures List of TablesNomenclaturePrefaceDedicationIndex