VLSI, Communication and Signal Processing: Select Proceedings of the 5th International Conference, VCAS 2022

Description

This book covers a variety of topics in Electronics and Communication Engineering, especially in the area of microelectronics and VLSI design, communication systems and networks, and signal and image processing. The content is based on papers presented at the 5th International Conference on VLSI, Communication and Signal Processing (VCAS 2022). The book also discusses the emerging applications of novel tools and techniques in image, video, and multimedia signal processing. This book is useful to students, researchers, and professionals working in the electronics and communication domain. Contents About the Editors Machine Learning-Based FSOC Link Performance Estimation 1 Introduction 2 Results and Discussions 2.1 FSO System 2.2 ML Model Evaluations 3 Conclusion References BER Efficiency of Outdoor Optics Links Using Hybrid-SIM with Pointing Errors Operating on Extreme Turbulence Regime 1 Introduction 2 System and Channel Model 3 Bit Error Rate Evaluation 4 Numerical Analysis 5 Conclusion References An Exhaustive Review of Various Optical Devices for Biomedical Applications 1 Introduction 2 Background of Various Optical Devices for Bio-medicinal Applications 3 PCF SPR Sensor Modeling for Human Fluid Analysis 4 Conclusion References Cell Optimization and Realization of XOR-Based Logic Design in QCA 1 Introduction 1.1 Basic QCA Cell 1.2 Clocking Scheme in QCA 1.3 3-Input Majority Gate (MG) 2 Literature Survey 2.1 2-Input XOR and XNOR Gate 2.2 3-Input XOR and XNOR Gate 2.3 1-Bit Full Adder 2.4 3-Bit Parity Generators 3 Proposed Structures Using QCA 3.1 2-Input QCA XOR and XNOR Gates 3.2 3-Input QCA XOR and XNOR Gate 3.3 One-Bit Full Adder Design 3.4 Parity Generator Circuit Using QCA 4 Simulation Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Effect of Scandium Doping on Crystallization Kinetics and Glass Transition of Te(1−x) (GeSe0.5) Scx (X = 0.1) Glassy Alloy for PCM Applications 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Methods 3 Theoretical Background 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 DSC Curves 4.2 Glass Transition 4.3 Iso-conversional Methods 4.4 Crystallization Kinetics Analysis 5 Conclusion References Design of Ultralow-Power and High-Speed Comparator Using Charge Sharing Technique 1 Introduction 2 Some Predefine Architectures of Double-Tail Comparator 2.1 Double-Tail Dynamic Comparator (DoTDC) 2.2 Hybrid Double-Tail Dynamic Comparator (HDoTDC) 3 Proposed Circuit 4 Results and Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion References Underwater Image Enhancement Using Color Correction and Fusion 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 UW Image Quality Measure 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Study and Analysis of Three-Stage Single-Miller CMOS OTA 1 Introduction 2 Three-Stage CMOS OTA Circuit 2.1 HV Amplifier [2] 2.2 Three-Stage ASMIHF Amplifier with Slew Rate Enhancer [3] 2.3 Three-Stage Single-Miller CMOS OTA [1] 3 Simulation Results and Analysis 3.1 Steady State Analysis 3.2 Transient Analysis 3.3 Parametric Analysis of CMOS OTA 4 Comparative Analysis 5 Conclusion References Stacked Bi-LSTM Network and Dual Signal Transformation for Heart Sound Denoising 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Technique 2.1 Signal Transformations 2.2 Proposed Network Architecture 2.3 Dataset 2.4 Model Configuration and Training Setup 2.5 Experimental Setup 2.6 Testing 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Abnormality Detection in Heart Using Combination of CNN, RNN and U-Net 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Contribution 2 Proposed Work 2.1 Architecture of Proposed Model 3 Result and Analysis 3.1 Result Produced by LSTM 3.2 Result Produced by Xception Network 3.3 Result Produced by Proposed Work 4 Conclusion and Future Scope References High Speed LVDS Driver Design with Fast Settling Common Mode Feedback Circuit 1 Introduction 2 Current Mode LVDS Circuit Design 2.1 Circuit Bandwidth Calculation 3 Proposed Circuit to Improve upper V Subscript CMVCM (Common Mode Voltage) Settling Time 3.1 Proposed Common Mode Feedback Circuit 3.2 Stability of Proposed Circuit 4 Results and Discussion References Design and Analysis of Low Power Frequency Divider Circuit 1 Introduction 2 Frequency Divider Circuit Design 3 Analysis 4 Conclusion References Static Single Phase Contention Pulsed Latch for Low Voltage Operation 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Literature Review 1.3 Theoretical Background 1.4 Proposed Work 1.5 Result and Discussion 2 Conclusion References Design of Y-shaped Multiband Antenna Using the Parametric Approach for Wireless Networks 1 Introduction 2 Design Analysis and Parametric Approach 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Reflection Coefficient (S11)/ Return Loss 3.2 VSWR 3.3 Radiation Pattern 4 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of 1 × 4 & 4 × 4 RAM Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata 1 Introduction 2 Background of QCA 2.1 QCA Binary Wire 2.2 QCA Clock 2.3 QCA Basic Gates 3 Proposed System 3.1 1 × 4 RAM 3.2 4 × 4 RAM 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References FPGA and ASIC-Based Design of Fast and Low Power SEC-DAEC and SEC-DAEC-TAEC Codecs 1 Introduction 2 Construction of H-Matrix for Proposed SEC-DAEC and SEC-DAEC-TAEC Codes 3 Design of Proposed SEC-DAEC and SEC-DAEC-TAEC Code 4 Analysis of Different Design Aspects 5 Implementation Results 5.1 FPGA-Based Implementation Result 5.2 ASIC Implementation Result 6 Conclusion References Reliable Implementation of Finite State Machine for On-Board VLSI Designs 1 Introduction 1.1 Problems with an FSM 2 Designing of the FSM 3 Verification of FSM 3.1 Static Design Rule Analysis 3.2 Functional Simulations of the Design 4 Case Study 4.1 Synthesis Options 4.2 Result Analysis 5 Conclusion References Performance Improvement of SAC-OCDMA FSO System Under Rain and Snow Conditions Using Different Zero Cross-Correlation Codes 1 Introduction 2 Code Construction 3 FSO Attenuation 3.1 Rain Attenuation 3.2 Snow Attenuation 4 SAC-OCDMA FSO System Scheme 5 Simulation Results and Discussion 5.1 Comparative Evaluation of the SAC-OCDMA FSO System’s Performance Using Two Different Codes (ZCC and DW-ZCC) 5.2 Simulation of 7 Users SAC-OCDMA FSO System Performance Using DW-ZCC Code and FBG Filters 6 Conclusion References Robust and Imperceptible Color Image Watermarking Using LWT, Schur Decomposition, and SVD in YCbCr Color Space 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 YCbCr Color Space 2.2 QR Code 2.3 Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) 2.4 Schur Decomposition 2.5 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 3 The Proposed Watermarking Technique 3.1 Embedding Process 3.2 Extraction Process 4 Results and Discussion 5 Comparison of Results 6 Conclusion References Design of Three Slot-Based Multiband MIMO Circular Patch Antenna 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design 2.1 Antenna Design Procedure 2.2 Single Element Design 2.3 MIMO Configuration 3 Simulation Results 3.1 Return Loss 3.2 Isolation 3.3 VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) 3.4 ECC (Envelope Correlation Coefficient) 3.5 Radiation Pattern 4 Conclusion References An Imperceptible Semi-blind Color Image Watermarking Using RDWT and SVD 1 Introduction 2 Watermark Embedding and Extraction Process 3 Simulation Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Construction of Deterministic Measurement Matrices Using Polyphase Sequences for Compressed Sensing Radar 1 Introduction 2 CS Radar 2.1 LFM Signal 2.2 Dictionary Matrix (Ψ) 2.3 Measurement Matrix (Φ) 2.4 Sparse Signal Recovery 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Non-invasive Planar Resonant Microwave Sensor for Unknown Liquid Permittivity Estimation 1 Introduction 2 Principal of Microwave Resonant Sensor 3 Design of Proposed Sensor 4 Analysis of Proposed Sensor 5 Sensitivity Analysis of the Sensor 6 Mathematical Modelling for Characterizing Unknown Liquid Sample 7 Validation of the Derived Numerical Model 8 Conclusion References Design of SRAM Cell for Improved Performance 1 Introduction 2 Previous Work 3 Proposed Work 3.1 Circuit Description 3.2 Operation of Circuit 3.3 Device Parameters for Proposed Circuit 3.4 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Various Charge Pump Topologies for PLL Application 1 Introduction 2 Charge Pump Non-idealities 3 Different Topologies of Charge Pump 3.1 Classic Current Steering Charge Pump 3.2 Two-Stage Charge Pump 3.3 NMOS Switch Cascode Charge Pump 3.4 Low Mismatch High Speed Charge Pump 3.5 Self-cascode-Based Charge Pump 3.6 OPAMP-Based Charge-Pump 3.7 Double-Ended Charge Pump 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Low Power Radix-4 Booth Multiplier Design Using Pass Transistor Logic 1 Introduction 2 Study of Booth Multipliers 2.1 Chang et al. Model 2.2 Venkatachalam et al. Model 2.3 Ranasinghe et al. Model 3 Proposed Low-Power Radix 4 Booth Multiplier 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Impact of Different Buffer Layers on Performance of Cu2O Based Solar Cell: SCAPS 1D Analysis 1 Introduction 2 SCAPS 1D Parameters 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Basic Solar Cell Simulation 3.2 Effect of Absorber Layer Thickness Variations 3.3 Influence of Carrier Concentration and Defect Concentration of Absorber Layer 3.4 Effect of Absorber Layer Defect Concentration 3.5 Impact of Interface Defect Concentration 3.6 Influence of Buffer Layer Thickness and Electron Affinity 3.7 Impact of Temperature 4 The Optimized Device 5 Conclusion References Sum Rate Maximization Using Unlicensed and Licensed Bands in UAV-Assisted Cellular Communication 1 Introduction 2 System Model 2.1 Licensed Subchannels 2.2 Unlicensed Subchannels 2.3 Channel Model 3 Proposed Optimization 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of mmWave V2V Communication Using Relay Vehicle for Advanced Safety Applications 1 Introduction 2 Relay Vehicle Transmission Model 3 Problem Formulation and Solution 4 Simulation Parameters 5 Conclusion References Low-Voltage Low-Power Fully Differential Double Recycling OTA with Positive Feedback 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Class AB OTA Employing Positive Feedback 2.1 Proposed OTA Small Signal Circuit Analysis 3 Simulated Results 4 Conclusion References Multilingual Indian Musical Type Classification 1 Introduction 2 Survey of Recent Deep Learning Approaches 3 Finding from the Survey 4 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of Matched Filtering and Timing Recovery Algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 Digital Baseband Front End 1 Introduction 2 MATLAB/Simulink Simulation of Matched Filter 2.1 MATLAB Implementation of Matched Filter 2.2 Simulink Implementation of Matched Filter as Direct Form-1 FIR Filter 3 FPGA Implementation of Matched Filter as Direct Form-1FIR Filter 4 Symbol Timing Synchronization 4.1 MATLAB Implementation of Symbol Timing Synchronization 4.2 FPGA Implementation of Symbol Timing Synchronization 5 Results 5.1 Matched Filter Simulation Results after FPGA Implementation 6 Conclusion References Minimal Group Delay Multi-objective Finite Impulse Response Filter Design Using Salp Swarm Algorithm and Its Improved Version 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation of Multi-objective Small Group Delay Sparse FIR Filter 3 Multi-objective Salp Swarm-Based Optimization Algorithms 3.1 Modified Multi-objective Salp Swarm Algorithms 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Case 1: Multi-objective FIR Filter Design 4.2 Case 2: Implementation of Multi-objective Optimization with Three Objectives 5 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Downlink Cooperative NOMA System 1 Introduction 2 System Model 3 Performance Analysis of C-NOMA 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of Noise Immune, Energy Efficient 1-bit 8T SRAM Cell 1 Introduction 2 Proposed 8T SRAM Cell 2.1 Operation of the Proposed 8T SRAM Cell 2.2 Power Analysis 2.3 Delay Analysis 2.4 Read and Hold Stability 3 Simulation Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Automated Design Rule Checker for VLSI Circuits Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Architecture for DRC Violation Classification 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Design of Low Power High Speed 2nd Order Discrete Time Sigma-Delta Modulator Using Charge Shared Double Tail Dynamic Comparator 1 Introduction 2 Working Principle of Sigma-Delta Modulator 2.1 Oversampling 2.2 Noise Shaping 3 Implementation and Analysis of Modulator 3.1 Passive Integrator 3.2 Hybrid Passive-Active Integrator 3.3 Preamplifier 3.4 1-Bit Quantizer 4 Complete Model for 2nd Order Discrete Time Sigma-Delta Modulator 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion References Solar Powered Low Cost Air Quality Monitoring System 1 Introduction 2 System Design 2.1 System Design Schematic Diagram 2.2 Microcontroller and Its Specifications 2.3 Programming Flowchart 3 Sensors 3.1 Gas Sensor (MQ135) 3.2 Digital Sensor (BME280) 3.3 PM Sensor (PMS5003) 4 Power System 4.1 Solar Panels 4.2 Solar Charge Controller (TP4056) 4.3 Power Saving System 4.4 Power Calculations 5 AQMS Data Center 6 Results 7 Conclusion References High Gain Hexaport Millimetre Wave MIMO Antenna for 5G Service LMDS and N257 Band Applications 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Design Configuration 2.1 Design Implementations of the Single Element Proposed Antenna and Its Performance 3 Proposed Hexaport MIMO Antenna Simulation Results and Discussion 3.1 Electrical Simulation Results 3.2 Far-Field Results 3.3 MIMO Antenna Simulation Parameters 4 Comparison 5 Conclusion References Aspect Ratio Estimation of a Two-Stage Operational Amplifier 1 Introduction 2 Dataset Preparation and Pre-processing 2.1 Dataset Preparation Methodology 2.2 Dataset Pre-processing 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Proposed Neural Network Architecture 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Models 4.2 Performance Improvement of the Neural Network Model 4.3 Testing Data Versus Predicted Data Plot 4.4 Proposed Model Predictions 5 Conclusion References EM Power Absorption and RCS Analysis of Novel FSS-Based Broadband Radar Absorbing Structure 1 Introduction 2 EM Performance Analysis of Novel FSS-Based Unit Cell 3 Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) of the Unit Cell 4 RCS Analysis 5 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Pulsed Latches for Low-Voltage Operation 1 Introduction 1.1 Pulsed Latches 1.2 Energy Metrics 1.3 Other Design Issue 2 Review of Pulsed-Latch Design Using Different Techniques 2.1 Pulsed-Latch Design Using Low-Power Synchronous Circuit Design 2.2 Pulsed-Latch Design Using Low-Power Area Efficient Shift Register 2.3 Edge-Triggered Pulse Latch Design with Delayed Latching Edge Design 2.4 Conditional Push–Pull Latches With Energy Delay Product 2.5 Low-Power Pulse-Triggered Flip-Flop Design with Conditional Pulse-Enhancement Scheme 2.6 Semi-Dynamic Pulsed-Latch Flip-Flop 2.7 Self-Time Pulsed Latch For Low-Voltage Operation With Reducing Hold Time 3 Performance Analysis 3.1 Comparison of Parameter PLULPSC PLUAESR ETPL CPPL LPPTFF STPL 4 Conclusion References A Comparative Performance Analysis of Different Methodology Operational Transconductance Amplifier Using Cadence 1 Introduction 1.1 CMOS Based on the Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) 1.2 The Single-Stage Based on Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) 1.3 Two-Stage Operational Transconductance Amplifier 1.4 The Ultra-Low-Power and Reconfigurable, Two-Stage OTA 1.5 Two-Stage, Based on Fully Differential Miller OTA 2 Simulation Results and Discussion 2.1 AC Analysis 2.2 Transient Analysis 2.3 Comparative Analysis of Different Topologies of OTA 3 Conclusion References Checkpoint Snapshot Placement in the Cloud Data Center Using Fuzzy Inference System 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Method 3.1 An Explanation of the Input and Output Variable's Membership Function (MF) 3.2 Projected Set of Fuzzy Rules for PSFIS1 and PSFIS2 4 Performance Evaluation 5 Conclusion References 4-Disjoint Path Multistage Interconnection Network 1 Introduction 2 Background and Motivation 2.1 Background 2.2 Motivation and Contributions 3 Layout of the Proposed Design (4 DPMIN) 3.1 Topology 3.2 Connection Pattern 4 Performance Analysis 4.1 Reliability Analysis 4.2 Cost Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References Design of Low-Power High Performance SAR Analog-To-Digital Converter Based on MOS Capacitor DAC Structure 1 Introduction 2 Circuit Design 2.1 Sample and Hold 2.2 Comparator 2.3 Dac 2.4 SAR Logic 3 Simulation Result and Discussion 3.1 Sample-And-Hold Output (Transient Response) 3.2 Capacitive DAC 3.3 Comparator 3.4 SAR Logic 3.5 SAR ADC Output 4 Conclusion References FGMOS and QFGMOS-Based Super-Wilson Current Mirror and Its Application in Full-Wave Rectifier 1 Introduction 2 LVLP Design Techniques 2.1 Floating Gate (FG) 2.2 Quasi-Floating Gate (QFG) 3 Proposed Circuit 3.1 Super-Wilson Current Mirror 3.2 FGMOS-Based Super-Wilson Current Mirror 3.3 Proposed QFGMOS-Based Super-Wilson Current Mirror 3.4 Proposed Full-Wave Rectifier (in Current Mode) Using QFGMOS-Based Super-Wilson Current Mirror 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Review of the SAR ADC’s Energy Efficient Switching Scheme 1 Introduction 2 Conventional Switching 3 Monotonic Switching 4 Merged Capacitor Switching or VCM-Based Capacitor Switching 5 Tri-Level Capacitor Switching 6 Charge Average Switching (CAS) Technique 7 Detect-And-Skip Switching Scheme 8 Higher Side-Reset-And-Set (HSRS) Switching Scheme 9 Comparison of Reviewed Switching Scheme 10 Latest Innovative Switching Scheme 11 Conclusion References Design of an Elliptical-Shaped Meta-material for SAR Reduction Application 1 Introduction 2 An Intelligent Meta-material Structure 3 The Effect on Antenna 4 Conclusions References Improved Fuzzy Logic-Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 System Model 3.1 Mamdani FIS Model 3.2 Sugeno FIS Model 4 FIS-Based Localization Algorithm 5 Simulation Results and Analysis 6 Conclusions References Residential Level Short-Term Demand Forecasting Using ANFIS Model 1 Introduction 2 ANFIS 2.1 Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) 2.2 Flowchart Diagram of ANFIS Model 3 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Description of Dataset 4.2 Performance Evaluation Criteria 4.3 Learning Environment Setup 4.4 Experimental Result 5 Conclusion References Signal Integrity Analysis in Coupled GNR Nano Interconnects Integrated with Buffer Repeaters 1 Introduction 2 Geometric Modelling of Interconnect Parasitic 2.1 Geometry of Cu Interconnect 2.2 Geometry of GNR Interconnect 3 Signal Integrity Analysis Using DIL Test Bench 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Effect of Electrical Vehicle Charging on Power Quality 1 Introduction 2 Power Quality with EV System 2.1 Block Diagram Representation 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Case-1:—When R-Load is Connected 3.2 Case-2:—When One EV-Battery is Connected 3.3 Case-3:—When Three EV-Batteries Are Connected 3.4 Case-4:—When Six EV-Batteries Are Connected 3.5 Case-5:—Mitigation Circuit 3.6 Case 6:—Grid to Vehicle and Vehicle to Grid Analysis 4 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of Ion Selective Field Effect Transistor for Biomedical Application 1 Introduction 2 Device Structure 3 Results and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Narrowband Data Waveform Development and Simulation for Achieving Low BER in Wireless Communication 1 Introduction 2 Baseband Processing Blocks 2.1 Baseband Processing Chain 3 Selection of Baseband Processing Blocks Based on Simulation 3.1 Modulations 3.2 Channel Coder 3.3 Pulse Shaping Filters 4 Simulation Result of the Finalized Chain 5 Conclusion and Future Works References Design and Analysis of CIC Decimation Filter Using Redundant Number System 1 Introduction 2 CIC Filter and Signed Digit-Based FIR Filter 2.1 Comb-Based Filter 2.2 FIR Filter 2.3 SD-Based Filter Operation 3 Computationally Efficient Compensation Filter 4 Proposed Design for Compensated Cascaded-Integrated-Comb Structure 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Comparison of Passband Ripple in Magnitude Response 5.2 Comparison of Stopband Attenuation in Magnitude Response 5.3 Number of LUTs Utilized Filter Operation 6 Conclusion References Enhanced Energy-Aware Fault Tolerance Technique for Real-Time Task on Heterogeneous Multicore System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Motivation 4 Problem Statement 5 Models and Assumption 5.1 Platform Model 5.2 Task Model 5.3 Energy Model 5.4 Fault Model 6 Proposed Methodology 6.1 Task Partitioning 6.2 Task Priority Assignment 6.3 Frequency Assignment 6.4 Computation of Promotion Time 6.5 Enhanced MPB-PS Algorithm 6.6 Speed Fine-Tuning Algorithm 7 Experiment Result and Analysis 7.1 Impact of Utilization with Fault Rate 7.2 Impact of Utilization with Speed Level 8 Conclusion and Future Work References Design and DC Electrical Performance Analysis of SOI-Based SiO2/HfO2 Dual Dielectric Gate-All-Around Vertically Stacked Nanosheet at 5 nm Node 1 Introduction 2 Device Structure and Simulation Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Nanosheet Width on Performance Matrices 4 Conclusion References Designing of Ternary to Binary Half Adder Using CMOS 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Proposed Design of the Ternary Inverter 2.2 Design and Implementation of Ternary Logic Gates 2.3 Ternary to Binary Half Adder 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Differential Dual Stage Delay Cells of VCO 1 Introduction 2 Architecture Dual-Delay-Path Differential Ring VCO 3 Different Topologies Used to Tune Frequency in VCO 3.1 Conventional Dual-Delay Cell [20] 3.2 PMOS Varactor Delay Cell [20] 3.3 Dual-Delay Cell with Pre-charge and Pre-discharge Circuit [21] 3.4 Differential Dual-Delay Cell with Active Load and IMOS Varactor [22] 3.5 Dual-Delay Differential VCO with IMOS Varactor [23] 3.6 Dual-Delay Differential VCO with A-MOS Varactor [24] 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of Negative Capacitance Graded Channel Junctionless Nanowire for Analog/RF Applications 1 Introduction 2 Device Structure and Simulation Parameters 3 Analog RF Analysis of NCJLNW 3.1 Band Energy, Electric Field, and Potential Distribution 3.2 Analog/RF Analysis 4 Conclusion References Prospects of Black Phosphorous in Transit Time Devices 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Method 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Tunable Three-Phase Voltage Controlled Oscillator Using Single VDTA 1 Introduction 2 Circuit Description 2.1 Voltage Differential Transconductance Amplifier (VDTA) 2.2 Circuit Description 2.3 VDTA as Three-Phase Oscillator 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Double-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing Detection 1 Introduction 2 Design of PCF 3 Conclusion References Full-Duplex Spectrum Sensing with Imperfect CSI and Mobile Nodes 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Contribution and Motivation 2 System Model 2.1 Channel Model 2.2 CR Mobility 3 Performance Analysis of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing 3.1 Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Sensitivity Enhancement of Kretschmann Configured Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with 2D Nanomaterial: MXene 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model, Sensor Design, and performance parameters 3 Results and analysis 4 Conclusion References Metasurface-Based Tunable Radar Absorbing Structure for Broadband Applications 1 Introduction 2 EM Performance Analysis of Active Unit Cell Based on PIN Diodes 2.1 Power Absorption Characteristics 2.2 Surface Current Distribution Over Unit Cells 2.3 Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) for Unit Cells 3 Conclusion References