Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy

Description

This volume assesses Non-Territorial Autonomy (NTA) in terms of its practical capacity to support the linguistic, cultural, and educational rights of national minority groups across Europe. The fact that 2023 marks the 25th anniversary of the coming into force of the Council of Europe Framework Convention on National Minorities (FCNM) and European Charter for Regional and Minority languages (ECRML) makes this book especially timely and relevant. Its numerous detailed empirical studies, one of which uses FCNM reporting as a benchmark, give a picture of the extent (or otherwise) to which international minority rights standards are actually being realized through various NTA arrangements. In keeping with the principles laid out in these foundational documents, the contributions to this volume acknowledge that when it comes to the effective delivery of linguistic, cultural and educational rights, NTA is best regarded not as an alternative but as a complement to territorially based arrangements. This is an open access book. Contents Editors and Contributors About the Editors Contributors List of Figures List of Tables Introduction: Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy References The Role of Law and Non-Territorial Autonomy Arrangements in the Implementation of Linguistic Rights: A Comparative Perspective 1 Introduction 2 NTA Arrangements and Their Public Powers 3 NTA Arrangements and Linguistic Rights 4 NTA Arrangements and Official Use of Languages and Scripts 5 Concluding Remarks References ‘Living the Same Full Life’? A Critical Assessment of Non-Territorial Autonomy Practice in the Vojvodina and Sápmi Contexts 1 Introduction 2 Hungarian NTA in Vojvodina 3 Sámi NTA in the Arctic Region 4 Conclusions References The Dilemma of Responsibility: The Role of Kin-States and Nation-States in Implementing Non-Territorial Autonomy Models to Realise Minorities’ Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights 1 Introduction: Minority Education, Autonomy and Liberal Multiculturalism 2 Minority Schools 3 Background: Schleswig as a Case of Border Delineation in Line with National Self-Determination and Minority NTA 4 The 2010 School Conflict 5 Discourse: The ‘Wealthy Minority Schools’ 6 Bilateral Action: The National Governments Take Charge 7 Consequences References The Evanescence of Autonomy for Minority Groups: The Hungarian Minority in Romania and the Complex Nexus of Dependence 1 Introduction 2 The Conceptualisation of Autonomy for Minority Groups 3 Cultural Autonomy in Romania: A Dream That Hasn’t Come True 4 The Hungarian Minority and the Nexus of Dependence Romania’s Funding of Minority Cultures The Role of the Kin-State 5 Conclusion References Illiberal Forms of Non-Territorial Autonomy: The Sudeten German Party Case 1 Introduction 2 The Sudeten German Party and the Volksschutzgesetze of 1937 3 The Illiberal Adaptation of NTA of the Völkisch Type 4 The ‘Sovereign Ethnicities’ and the Path Towards National Totalitarianism 5 Conclusion References The Implications of Administrative Decentralisation on the Development of Non-Territorial Autonomy Practices: The Case of Romania 1 Introduction 2 The Main Characteristics of the Institution of Decentralisation 3 Decentralisation in Romania 4 Decentralisation and the Practices that Can Be Labelled as NTA 5 Discussion and Conclusions References Linguistic Rights in Greece: Crossing Through Territorial and Non-Territorial Arrangements 1 Introduction 2 The Legacy of the Millet Shapes Language Rights 3 Language Policy for the Reversed Millet: Jews, Muslims and Armenians 4 Education Rights for Muslims 5 Language Policies and Law for Non-Greek-Speaking Christians 6 Language Policies for Immigrant Communities 7 Conclusions Annexes References Critical Analysis of the Linguistic Rights Strategies of the Hungarian National Minority Council in Serbia 1 Introduction 2 The Importance and the Uniqueness of the HNMC’s Linguistic Rights Strategies 3 The First Hungarian Linguistic Rights Strategy (2012–2017) Strategic Goals and Programmes Critical Analysis 4 The Second/Valid Linguistic Rights Strategy (2021–2026) Strategic Goals and Programmes 5 Conclusion References Non-Territorial Autonomy and Minority Rights: Impact of the Self-Governing National Communities on Minority Protection in Slovenia 1 Introduction 2 Personal Scope of Application 3 Culture 4 Media 5 Language Use 6 Education 7 Participation in Public Affairs 8 Territorial Organisation (Administrative Change) 9 Cross-Border Cooperation 10 Conclusion References Cultural Autonomy, Safe Haven or Window-Dressing? Institutions Maintained by Minority Self-Governments in Hungary 1 Introduction 2 Non-Territorial Autonomy, National Cultural Autonomy and Institutions: Conceptual Challenges 3 The Process of Institutionalisation Within the Hungarian Model of NCA 4 The Key Disputed Issues of Institutionalisation 5 Conclusions Appendix 1: The number of educational institutions (kindergartens, schools) maintained by local and national minority self-governments, 2003–2022 Appendix 2: Support for institutions maintained by national minority self-governments, 2003–2022 (million HUF) References Can Non-Territorial Autonomy Help to Enforce the Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights of the Roma? 1 Introduction 2 The Demographic, Socio-Economic and Political Position of the Roma in Europe 3 The Roma in Spain History, Demography and Social Position Language and Culture Education Current Policies Towards the Roma 4 The Roma in North Macedonia History, Demography and Social Position Language and Culture Education Current Policies Towards the Roma 5 NTA and the Roma People Examples of NTA and the Roma Can NTA Help to Enforce the Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights of the Roma in Spain and North Macedonia? 6 Conclusion References