Renal Physiology (Mosby Physiology Series)

Description

Gain a foundational understanding of renal physiology and how the renal system functions in health and disease. Renal Physiology, a volume in the Mosby Physiology Series, explains the fundamentals of this complex subject in a clear and concise manner, while helping you bridge the gap between normal kidney function and disease with pathophysiology content throughout the book. Helps you easily master the material in a systems-based curriculum with learning objectives, "In the Clinic" and "At the Molecular Level" boxes, chapter summaries, clinical cases with review questions and answers, self-study questions, and a comprehensive exam. Includes more than 250 clear, 2-color diagrams that simplify complex concepts. Features clinical commentaries that show you how to apply what you've learned to real-life clinical situations. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Complete the Mosby Physiology Series! Systems-based and portable, these titles are ideal for integrated programs. Blaustein, Kao, & Matteson: Cellular Physiology and Neurophysiology Cloutier: Respiratory Physiology Pappano & Wier: Cardiovascular Physiology Johnson: Gastrointestinal Physiology White, Harrison, & Mehlmann: Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Hudnall: Hematology: A Pathophysiologic Approach Series Page......Page 2 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY......Page 3 Copyright......Page 4 Dedication......Page 5 Preface......Page 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 7 CONCEPT OF STEADY-STATE BALANCE......Page 8 Physicochemical Properties of Electrolyte Solutions......Page 9 Osmolarity and Osmolality......Page 10 Tonicity......Page 11 Specific Gravity......Page 12 Composition of Body Fluid Compartments......Page 13 Fluid Exchange Between Body Fluid Compartments......Page 14 Capillary Fluid Exchange......Page 15 Cellular Fluid Exchange......Page 16 Example 3: Addition of Hypertonic NaCl to ECF......Page 17 2 - Structure and Function of the Kidneys......Page 21 Ultrastructure of the Nephron......Page 22 Ultrastructure of the Glomerulus......Page 26 Ultrastructure of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus......Page 30 Innervation of the Kidneys......Page 31 RENAL CLEARANCE......Page 32 Glomerular Filtration Rate......Page 34 Glomerular Filtration......Page 35 Dynamics of Ultrafiltration......Page 36 Renal Blood Flow......Page 38 Sympathetic Nerves......Page 42 Angiotensin II......Page 43 Prostaglandins......Page 44 Dopamine......Page 45 4 - Renal Transport Mechanisms: NaCl and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron......Page 48 General Principles of Membrane Transport......Page 49 General Principles of Transepithelial Solute and Water Transport......Page 51 Na+ Reabsorption......Page 54 Water Reabsorption......Page 56 Protein Reabsorption......Page 57 Organic Anion and Organic Cation Secretion......Page 58 Henle’s Loop......Page 62 Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct......Page 64 Regulation of NaCl and Water Reabsorption......Page 66 5 - Regulation of Body Fluid Osmolality: Regulation of Water Balance......Page 74 Arginine Vasopressin......Page 75 Hemodynamic Control of Arginine Vasopressin Secretion......Page 77 Arginine Vasopressin Actions on the Kidneys......Page 78 Thirst......Page 81 Renal Mechanisms for Dilution and Concentration of the Urine......Page 82 Medullary Interstitium......Page 86 Assessment of Renal Diluting and Concentrating Ability......Page 88 6 - Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and NaCl Balance......Page 91 Whole-Body Na+ Balance......Page 92 Concept of Effective Circulating Volume......Page 94 Volume Sensors in the Low-Pressure Cardiopulmonary Circuit......Page 95 Renal Sympathetic Nerves......Page 96 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System......Page 97 Control of Renal NaCl Excretion During Euvolemia......Page 100 Regulation of Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Na+ Reabsorption in Euvolemia......Page 101 Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Expansion......Page 102 Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Contraction......Page 103 Plasma Oncotic Pressure (πc)......Page 105 Lymphatic Obstruction......Page 106 Role of the Kidneys......Page 107 OVERVIEW OF K+ HOMEOSTASIS......Page 110 Regulation of Plasma [K+]......Page 112 Aldosterone......Page 113 Exercise......Page 114 K+ Excretion by the Kidneys......Page 115 Regulation of K+ Secretion by the Aldosterone-Sensitive Distal Nephron......Page 116 Plasma [K+]......Page 117 Aldosterone......Page 118 Arginine Vasopressin......Page 120 Acid-Base Balance......Page 121 Glucocorticoids......Page 123 8 - Regulation of Acid-Base Balance......Page 126 Overview of Acid-Base Balance......Page 127 HCO3– Reabsorption Along the Nephron......Page 129 Regulation of H+ Secretion......Page 131 Formation of New HCO3–......Page 134 Respiratory Compensation......Page 138 Metabolic Alkalosis......Page 140 Respiratory Alkalosis......Page 141 Analysis of Acid-Base Disorders......Page 142 9 - Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis......Page 145 Calcium......Page 146 Overview of Ca++ Homeostasis......Page 147 Ca++ Transport Along the Nephron......Page 149 Regulation of Urinary Ca++ Excretion......Page 150 Calcium-Sensing Receptor......Page 151 Overview of Pi Homeostasis......Page 152 Pi Transport Along the Nephron......Page 153 Regulation of Urinary Pi Excretion......Page 154 Integrative Review of Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitriol on Ca++ and Pi Homeostasis......Page 155 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DIURETIC ACTION......Page 158 Volume of the Extracellular Fluid......Page 159 Diuretic Braking Phenomenon......Page 160 Loop Diuretics......Page 162 Aquaretics......Page 163 HCO3– Excretion......Page 164 Ca++ and Pi Excretion......Page 165 Questions......Page 168 Case 6......Page 169 Questions......Page 170 B - Normal Laboratory Values......Page 171 SUMMARY BY TRANSPORT PROCESS......Page 172 Collecting Duct......Page 175 CHAPTER 1......Page 176 CHAPTER 2......Page 178 CHAPTER 4......Page 179 CHAPTER 5......Page 181 CHAPTER 6......Page 182 CHAPTER 7......Page 183 CHAPTER 8......Page 184 CHAPTER 10......Page 185 CASE 1......Page 187 CASE 2......Page 188 CASE 3......Page 189 CASE 5......Page 190 CASE 6......Page 191 CHAPTER 2......Page 192 CHAPTER 3......Page 193 CHAPTER 4......Page 194 CHAPTER 5......Page 195 CHAPTER 6......Page 196 CHAPTER 7......Page 198 CHAPTER 8......Page 199 CHAPTER 9......Page 200 CHAPTER 10......Page 201 CHAPTER 6......Page 203 CHAPTER 10......Page 204