Chapman & Nakielny’s Aids to Radiological Differential Diagnosis

Description

Chapman & Nakielny's Aids to Radiological Differential Diagnosis is a well-loved radiology resource, used by trainees and practitioners worldwide to hone their knowledge of radiological differential diagnosis for the most commonly encountered conditions throughout the body. It is an invaluable quick-reference companion in everyday practice, as well as an essential study tool when preparing for the FRCR or similar examinations. First published 35 years ago Stephen Chapman and Richard Nakielny's original aims remain as relevant today as when the book was originally conceived. However radiology has expanded rapidly in recent years and this Seventh Edition is the biggest revision this book has had in its long history with major changes incorporated into nearly every section. Key Features Comprehensive lists of differential diagnoses to aid effective diagnoses Closely aligned to the needs of current FRCR curriculum Brief, to the point text and clear page format allows for rapid access to key information New to this Edition Part 2 of the book has been restructured to focus on multisystem disorders which cannot be fully covered in the individual chapters in Part 1. A new chapter on Nuclear Medicine has been added to reflect its importance in modern medical imaging. The chapter on head and neck conditions has been significantly expanded. Important discriminating features have been added to nearly every differential to aid the reader in developing a strategy for reaching a diagnosis. The top differentials in each list which are considered important for radiology trainees to learn for exams are underlined. Author Information Edited by Hameed Rafiee, MBBS FRCR, Consultant Radiologist, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, UK Front Cover......Page 1 IFC_Expert Consult advert......Page 2 Chapman & Nakielny's Aids to Radiological Differential Diagnosis......Page 3 Copyright Page......Page 6 Preface and explanatory notes......Page 8 List of Contributors......Page 10 Acknowledgements......Page 14 Abbreviations......Page 16 1......Page 22 Rare......Page 24 Less common......Page 25 Rare......Page 26 Rare......Page 27 1.6 Coarse trabecular pattern......Page 28 Mixed......Page 29 1.8 Sites of origin of common primary bone lesions......Page 30 1.9 Common features of solitary intraosseous lesions......Page 31 Well-defined, nonsclerotic margin......Page 36 Less common......Page 37 Less common......Page 38 1.14 Exophytic and juxtacortical bone lesions......Page 39 1.15 ‘Moth-eaten bone’ in an adult......Page 40 1.17 Generalized osteopenia......Page 41 Secondary......Page 42 In infants adjacent ascending aorta)......Page 152 6.21 Pulmonary hypertension......Page 153 Further reading......Page 154 7.1 Pneumoperitoneum......Page 155 7.2 Gasless abdomen......Page 156 Further reading......Page 157 Iatrogenic......Page 158 Inflammatory......Page 159 Nonneoplastic submucosal and extrinsic masses......Page 160 Neoplastic......Page 161 Further reading......Page 162 Polyps......Page 163 Others......Page 164 Others......Page 165 7.13 Gastric or duodenal obstruction......Page 166 Neoplastic......Page 167 Vascular......Page 168 Normal folds......Page 169 Further reading......Page 170 Malignant......Page 171 Further reading......Page 172 7.19 Small bowel wall thickening......Page 173 Submucosal oedema with avid mucosal enhancement......Page 174 Submucosal oedema with normal mucosal enhancement......Page 175 Submucosal oedema with reduced mucosal enhancement......Page 176 Inflammatory......Page 177 Neoplastic......Page 178 Diffuse......Page 179 Predominantly left-sided......Page 180 7.22 Colonic polyps on CT colonography......Page 181 Polyp mimics......Page 182 Inflammatory and ischaemic......Page 183 Nontoxic (without mural abnormalities)......Page 184 Life-threatening causes (unwell patient)......Page 185 Malignant neoplasms......Page 186 Others......Page 187 7.29 Retrorectal/presacral mass......Page 188 7.30 Anal and perianal masses......Page 189 Further reading......Page 190 Focal......Page 191 7.32 Mesenteric lymphadenopathy......Page 192 Neoplasms......Page 194 Others......Page 195 Cystic......Page 196 Fat-containing......Page 197 Nodular or irregular......Page 198 Smooth......Page 199 Lesions containing fat......Page 200 Cystic lesions......Page 201 Other lesions......Page 202 Further reading......Page 203 8.1 Intraluminal gallbladder lesions......Page 204 Diffuse......Page 205 Focal......Page 206 Luminal causes (and nonobstructive dilatation)......Page 207 Mural causes (strictures)......Page 208 Further reading......Page 210 8.5 Gas in the portal veins......Page 211 Neoplastic......Page 212 Further reading......Page 213 Calcification within a mass......Page 214 8.9 Diffusely hyperechoic liver......Page 215 8.10 Diffusely heterogeneous liver......Page 216 With posterior acoustic shadowing......Page 217 8.12 Focal hypoechoic liver lesion......Page 218 Further reading......Page 219 Others......Page 220 Unilocular and thin-walled......Page 221 Multilocular or thick-walled......Page 222 Macroscopic fat......Page 224 Further reading......Page 225 Arterial enhancement persisting on the delayed phase......Page 226 Arterial enhancement equilibrating on the delayed phase......Page 227 Arterial enhancement with washout on portal or delayed phase......Page 228 8.19 Liver lesions with gradual delayed enhancement......Page 229 8.20 Hypovascular liver lesions......Page 230 8.21 Liver lesions with a central scar......Page 231 8.23 T1 hyperintense liver lesions......Page 232 8.24 T2 hypointense liver lesions......Page 233 Further reading......Page 234 8.27 Hepatocyte-specific MR contrast agents......Page 235 Slightly large spleen......Page 237 8.30 Cystic splenic lesions......Page 238 Benign neoplasms and hamartomas......Page 239 Malignant neoplasms......Page 240 Further reading......Page 241 8.34 Cystic pancreatic lesions......Page 242 Hypovascular......Page 244 Hypervascular......Page 246 Further reading......Page 247 9.1 Incidental adrenal mass (unilateral)......Page 248 Malignant tumours......Page 249 Benign......Page 250 Further reading......Page 251 9.3 Adrenal calcification......Page 252 Anomalies of position......Page 253 Further reading......Page 254 9.5 Localized bulge of the renal outline on ivu......Page 255 Further reading......Page 256 9.6 Unilateral scarred kidney......Page 257 Postrenal = collecting system......Page 258 Prerenal = vascular......Page 259 Inflammation/oedema......Page 260 Miscellaneous......Page 261 9.12 Renal calculi......Page 262 Struvite......Page 263 Further reading......Page 264 Gastrointestinal......Page 265 9.14 Nephrocalcinosis......Page 266 Cortical......Page 267 Cystic tumours......Page 268 Cortical cysts......Page 269 Miscellaneous......Page 270 9.16 Bosniak classification of renal cysts......Page 271 Bosniak I—simple cyst......Page 272 9.17 Fat-containing renal mass......Page 273 Well-defined mass......Page 274 Infiltrative lesions......Page 277 Further reading......Page 278 Nonneoplastic lesions......Page 279 Focal solid lesions......Page 280 Cystic lesions......Page 281 Absent nephrogram......Page 282 Bilateral striated nephrogram......Page 283 9.22 Diffuse low signal in the renal cortex on MRI......Page 284 9.23 Renal papillary necrosis......Page 285 9.25 Renal artery stenosis......Page 286 Aetiology......Page 287 Further reading......Page 288 Arising from the wall with smooth margins......Page 289 Further reading......Page 290 Dilated calyx with a narrow infundibulum/renal pelvis......Page 291 Within the lumen......Page 292 Outside the wall......Page 293 Medial deviation......Page 294 Solid......Page 295 Cystic......Page 299 Fat containing......Page 300 Further reading......Page 301 Aetiology......Page 302 Arising from the wall......Page 303 Extrinsic......Page 305 Neoplastic......Page 306 Further reading......Page 307 Gas in the bladder lumen......Page 308 9.39 Urachal lesions......Page 309 Seminal vesicles and vas deferens......Page 310 Scrotum......Page 311 Solid......Page 312 Cystic......Page 313 9.42 Seminal vesicle abnormalities......Page 315 Neoplastic......Page 316 Vascular......Page 317 Miscellaneous......Page 318 Within epididymis......Page 319 Paratesticular......Page 320 Further reading......Page 321 Further reading......Page 322 Secondary amenorrhoea......Page 323 Raised Ca-125 (normal