Defensive Nationalism: Explaining the Rise of Populism and Fascism in the 21st Century
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A stunningly novel account of why populism and fascism are on the rise in the early 21st century. Today we find in the most technologically advanced societies, wild conspiracy theories and a broad distrust of science and expertise have created deep political divisions that are splitting nations in two. Defensive Nationalism explains this paradox, using history as a guide. B. S. Rabinowitz finds that the turn-of-the 19th century was also a period of exceptional technological innovation that ended with toxic political upheavals. To investigate why, the author combines Karl Polanyi's concept of the "double movement" with Joseph Schumpeter's theory of innovation. Weaving together a fascinating narrative that spans two centuries, the book traces how the rapid transformation of transportation and communications during the Industrial Revolution and the Digital Revolution created economic interdependence and capital flows that induced radical economic, social, and political disruptions. In response, separate national-populist movements, stemming from particular national histories and struggles, arose concurrently to produce an era of "defensive nationalism." Distinguishing between creative, consolidating, and defensive nationalism, Rabinowitz offers a persuasively fresh way to study socio-political patterns across time and space. Cover Defensive Nationalism Copyright Dedication Contents Acknowledgments Introduction: The Paradox of Modernity 1. The Concepts: Populism, Nationalism, Fascism, and Nativism 2. The Synthesis: A New Typology of Nationalism 3. Karl Polanyi: Theory and Ambiguity 4. Joseph Schumpeter: Technology and the “Double Movement” 5. The Belle Époque: Railroads and Telegraphy 6. The Digital Age: Turbo Jets and Computers 7. Economic Vulnerability: Productive Reorganization and Financial Crises 8. Information Overload: Mass Media and Fake News 9. Foreign Fears: Immigration and Global Terror 10. From Globalization to the Nation 11. The Turn Inward: Nativism and Fascism 12. The Concert of Europe 13. The Bretton Woods Era Conclusion: Using History as a Guide Notes Bibliography Index
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