Nanostructured Gas Sensors: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications

Description

Nanostructure materials exhibit distinct properties by virtue of nanoscale morphological variations, which opens up endless possibilities to investigate unexplored and interesting applications. This textbook broadly covers the fabrication and characterization of nanostructure films and exploration of their gas-sensing applications. It presents the fundamentals of gas-sensing technology and a comprehensive study on smart gas sensing technology. Readers will find basics, analytical techniques, nanotechnology-enabled experimental findings, and future directions of smart gas-sensing technology at one place. Through the inclusion of up-to-date experimental knowledge of synthesis, processing, and application development, the book is suitable for academics at all levels. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1: Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanostructures 1.1: Introduction 1.1.1: Nanomaterials 1.1.2: About Nano Science/Technology 1.1.3: Nanostructured Materials in Sensing Technology 1.2: Properties of Nanomaterials 1.2.1: Mechanical Properties 1.2.2: Optical Properties 1.2.3: Electronic Properties 1.2.4: Magnetic Properties 1.3: Various Synthesis Techniques for Nanomaterials 1.3.1: Synthesis of Nanomaterials by Biological Route 1.3.2: Synthesis of Nanomaterials by Physical Route 1.3.3: Synthesis of Nanomaterials by Chemical Route 1.3.3.1: Co-precipitation method 1.3.3.2: Hydrothermal method 1.3.3.3: Sol–gel method 1.3.3.4: Microwave-assisted techniques 1.4: Gas Sensing Based on Nanostructured Materials Chapter 2: Characterization of Nanomaterials 2.1: Basics to Visualization Techniques for Nanomaterials 2.1.1: Scanning Electron Microscopy 2.1.1.1: Instrument arrangement 2.1.1.2: Signal detection 2.1.1.3: Detector 2.1.1.4: Sample preparation 2.1.1.5: SEM image acquisition 2.1.2: TEM 2.1.2.1: Instrumentation 2.1.2.2: HR-TEM 2.1.2.3: Liquid TEM 2.1.2.4: S-TEM 2.1.3: Atomic Force Microscope 2.1.3.1: Working principle and instrumentation 2.1.3.2: Scanning methods for advanced imaging modes 2.1.3.3: AFM modes 2.2: Basics to Analytical Techniques for Nanomaterials 2.2.1: UV–Visible Spectroscopy 2.2.1.1: Principle 2.2.1.2: Beer–Lambert law 2.2.1.3: Sample preparation 2.2.1.4: Components of optical spectrometers 2.2.1.5: Type of UV/visible spectrophotometer 2.2.2: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 2.2.2.1: Working principle 2.2.2.2: Instrumentation 2.2.2.3: Various techniques for examining samples 2.2.3: X-Ray Diffraction 2.2.3.1: Instrumentation 2.2.3.2: Sample preparation 2.2.3.3: Distortions 2.2.3.4: Micro XRD Chapter 3: Introduction to Gas Sensing 3.1: Introduction 3.2: Various Operating Principles of Gas Sensors 3.2.1: Catalytic Sensors 3.2.1.1: Pellistor sensors 3.2.1.2: Thermoelectric sensors 3.2.2: Thermal Conductivity Sensors 3.2.3: Electrochemical Sensors 3.2.3.1: Amperometric sensors 3.2.3.2: Potentiometric sensors 3.2.3.3: Resistance-based sensors 3.2.3.4: Work function-based sensors 3.3: Metal Oxide Nanostructures 3.3.1: Method of Improving Gas Sensing Performance 3.3.1.1: Decorating with nanoparticles of noble metals 3.3.1.2: Metal doping 3.3.1.3: Mixing with carbonaceous nanomaterials 3.3.1.4: Constructing heterojunction Chapter 4: Introduction to Device Fabrication 4.1: Introduction 4.2: Fabrication Methodologies 4.2.1: Photolithography 4.2.2: Physical Vapor Deposition 4.2.3: Chemical Vapor Deposition 4.2.4: Hydrothermal Deposition Method Chapter 5: Gas Sensing Applications and Challenges 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Applications of Gas Sensors 5.2.1: Environmental Applications 5.2.2: Automotive Applications 5.2.3: Biomedical Applications 5.2.4: Healthcare Applications 5.3: Future Applications 5.3.1: E-Noses 5.3.2: Challenges and Solutions of Smart Gas Sensing 5.3.2.1: Reusability and repeatability 5.3.2.2: Miniaturization and circuit integration 5.3.2.3: Real-time monitoring 5.3.3.3: Wireless gas sensors based on the IoT Index