The Ethics of Multiple Citizenship

Description

Citizenship is no longer an exclusive relationship. Many people today are citizens of multiple countries, whether by birth, naturalization, or even through monetary means, with schemes fast-tracking citizenship applications from foreigners making large investments in the state. Moral problems surround each of those ways of acquiring a second citizenship, while retaining one's original citizenship. Multiple citizenship can also have morally problematic consequences for the coherence of collective decisions, for the constitution of the demos, and for global inequality. The phenomenon of multiple citizenship and its ramifications remains understudied, despite its magnitude and political importance. In this innovative book, Ana Tanasoca explores these issues and shows how they could be avoided by unbundling the rights that currently come with citizenship and allocating them separately. It will appeal to scholars and students of normative political theory, citizenship, global justice, and migration in political science, law, and sociology. Cover Half-title Series information Title page Copyright information Dedication Contents List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements 1 Introduction I The Legal History of Multiple Citizenship II Academic Reception and Debates A What Will Be Said B What Has Been Said III The Arguments to Come Part I Acquisition 2 Multiple Citizenship by Birthright I The Efficiency Argument behind Birthright II What, If Not Efficiency, Could Justify Birthright Multiple Nationality? A Jus Soli B Jus Sanguinis C Reform III Conclusion 3 Multiple Citizenship by Naturalization I Legal Framework II Against the Citizenship Renunciation Requirement III In Defence of the Citizenship Renunciation Requirement A The Demands of Consistency B No Different from Other Conditions C Not like the Other Conditions: What Is Permissible and What Is Not D Acting against One's Interest E Loss Aversion IV Default Rules and Dual Citizenship A What Are Default Rules? B Dual Citizenship by Default C Reform 4 Multiple Citizenship by Investment I The Rise of Economic Citizenship II Selling Honours: The Historical Record III Lessons from the Sale of Honours A Merit and Reciprocity B Fairness C Signalling D Social Values and Meanings E Political Consequences IV A Clarification V Conclusion Part II Consequences 5 Multiple Citizenship and Collective Decision Making I Multiple Citizens as Political Agents II Voting, Deliberation, and Collective Rationality A The Condorcet Paradox: How Majority Rule Can Yield Inconsistent Collective Decisions B From Aggregating Preferences to Aggregating Judgements C Why Consistency Matters D Avoiding Inconsistency: Single-Peaked Preferences, Unidimensionally Aligned Judgements E The Need for Structured Disagreement or Meta-Agreement F Structuring Disagreement through Deliberation G Recap and the Role of Citizenship III How Multiple Citizenship Could Undermine Collective Rationality A Deciding in Two Countries B A Perceptual Analogy IV Conclusion 6 Multiple Citizenship and the Boundary Problem I Three Boundary-Drawing Principles: Affectedness, Subjection to Law, and Unaffectedness A The Affected Interests Principle B The Legally Subjected Principle C The Unaffected Interests Principle II Multiple Citizenship and Boundaries: An Assessment A The Affected Interests Principle B The Legally Subjected Principle C The Unaffected Interests Principle III Untying the Gordian Knot: Citizenship-sine-Political Rights, Political Rights-sine-Citizenship 7 Taxing Multiple Citizens and Global Inequality I Citizenship and Global Inequality II Multiple Citizenship, Inequality, and the Birthright Levy III Interactive Effects, Extra-Benefits, and Double Taxation Agreements A What Do Double Taxation Agreements Entail for Dual Citizens? IV Impact on Global Inequality A The Poor Do Not Move B Dual Citizens Reside in and Pay Taxes to the Richer of Their Countries V Solutions A A Levy on Multiple Citizenship B Alter Double Taxation Agreements VI Objections to the Proposed Solutions A People Would Renounce Their Additional Citizenships B Countries Would Close Borders to Immigrants from Poor Countries C The Money Will End Up in the Wrong Hands VII An Implementation Strategy VIII Conclusion 8 Conclusion I The Promises II Debunking the Myth: Broken Promises III A Reprise of Policy Proposals IV Unbundling Citizenship A Institutional Design Options B Advantages and Disadvantages V Conclusion to the Conclusion Bibliography Index