Logan's turbomachinery : flowpath design and performance fundamentals

Description

Cover Half title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Author Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition 1. Turbomachinery History, Classifications, and Applications 1.1. Introduction 1.2. History 1.3. Classifications of Turbomachines 1.3.1. General Classifications 1.3.2. Typical Examples 1.3.3. Gas Turbines 1.4. Applications and Technology Development 1.5. Concluding Remarks References Bibliography 2. Basic Concepts and Relations of Aerothermodynamics 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Incompressible versus Compressible Flow 2.2.1. Total Temperature and Pressure 2.2.2. Mass Flow Rate 2.2.3. Compressible Mass Flow Functions 2.3. Energy Equation 2.4. Linear Momentum Equation 2.5. Angular Momentum Equation 2.5.1. Euler’s Turbomachinery Equation 2.6. Velocity Diagram 2.7. Applications 2.7.1. Axial-Flow Impulse Turbine 2.7.2. Axial-Flow Compressor 2.7.3. Centrifugal Pump 2.7.4 Hydraulic Turbine 2.8. Discussion on Further Applications 2.9. Concluding Remarks Worked Examples Problems Reference Bibliography Nomenclature 3. Dimensionless Quantities 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Turbomachine Variables 3.3. Similitude Worked Examples Problems References Nomenclature 4. Centrifugal Pumps and Fans 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Impeller Flow 4.3. Efficiency 4.4. Performance Characteristics 4.5. Design of Pumps 4.6. Fans Worked Examples Problems References Bibliography Nomenclature 5. Centrifugal Compressors 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Impeller Design 5.3. Diffuser Design 5.4. Performance Worked Examples Problems References Bibliography Nomenclature 6. Axial-Flow Pumps, Fans, and Compressors 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Stage Pressure Rise 6.3. Losses 6.4. Pump Design 6.5. Fan Design 6.6. Compressor Design 6.7. Compressor Performance Worked Examples Problems References Bibliography Nomenclature 7. Radial-Flow Gas Turbines 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Basic Theory 7.3. Design Worked Example Problems References Bibliography Nomenclature 8. Axial-Flow Gas Turbines 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Basic Theory 8.3. Design Worked Examples Problems References Bibliography Nomenclature 9. Steam Turbines 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Impulse Turbines 9.3. Reaction Turbines 9.4. Design Problems References Bibliography 10. Hydraulic Turbines 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Pelton Wheel 10.3. Francis Turbine 10.4. Kaplan Turbine 10.5 Cavitation Problems References Bibliography 11. Wind Turbines 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Actuator Theory 11.3. Horizontal-Axis Machines 11.4. Vertical-Axis Machines Problems References Bibliography 12. Gas-Turbine Exhaust Diffusers 12.1. Introduction 12.2 Roles of an Exhaust Diffuser 12.3. Diffusion Process 12.3.1. Diffusion in a Constant-Area Duct 12.3.2. Pressure Recovery in a Dump Diffuser 12.4. Performance Evaluation 12.4.1. Diffuser Isentropic Efficiency 12.4.2. Pressure Rise Coefficient 12.4.3. Axial Stream Thrust Coefficient 12.5. Six Simple Design Rules 12.6. Concluding Remarks References Bibliography Nomenclature 13. Computational Fluid Dynamics and Its Role in Turbomachinery Flowpath Design 13.1. Introduction 13.2. CFD Methodology 13.3. The Common Form of Governing Conservation Equations 13.3.1. The Common Equation Form 13.4. Turbulence Modeling 13.4.1. Reynolds Equations: The Closure Problem 13.4.2. High-Reynolds-Number Two-Equation k-ε Model 13.5. Boundary Conditions 13.5.1. Inlet and Outlet Boundary Conditions 13.5.2. Wall Boundary Conditions: The Wall-Function Treatment 13.5.3. Alternative Near-Wall Treatments 13.5.4. Choice of a Turbulence Model 13.6. Physics-Based Post-processing of CFD Results 13.6.1. Large Control Volume Analysis of CFD Results 13.6.2. Entropy Map Generation 13.7. Turbomachinery Aerodynamic Design Process 13.7.1. 3-D Flow Field 13.7.2. Preliminary Design 13.7.3. Detailed Design 13.7.4. Role of 3-D CFD 13.8. Concluding Remarks References Bibliography Nomenclature Appendix A: Tables of Conversion Factors, Pump Efficiency, and Compressor Specific Speed Table A.1: Conversion Factors Table A.2: Pump Efficiency as a Function of Specific Speed and Capacity Table A.3: Compressor Specific Diameter as a Function of Specific Speed and Efficiency Appendix B: Derivation of Equation for Slip Coefficient Appendix C: Formulation of Equation for Hydraulic Loss in Centrifugal Pumps with Backward-Curved Blades Reference Appendix D: Viscous Effects on Pump Performance Table D.1: Viscosities of Liquids at 70°F Table D.2: Correction Factors for Oil with Kinematic Viscosity of 176 Centistokes Appendix E: Comparison of Formulas for Compressor Slip Coefficient, μs = Vu2′/Vu2 References Appendix F: Molecular Weight of Selected Gases Table F.1: Molecular Weight of Selected Gases Appendix G: Pressure and Temperature Changes in Isentropic Free and Vortex Vortices G.1. Introduction G.2. Free and Forced Vortices G.3. Changes in Static Temperature and Pressure G.3.1. A Simple Approach G.4. Changes in Total Temperature and Pressure Reference Appendix H: Dimensionless Velocity Diagrams for Axial-Flow Compressors and Turbines H.1. Introduction H.2. Performance Parameters H.2.1. Flow Coefficient H.2.2. Loading Coefficient H.2.3. Stage Reaction H.3. Dimensionless Velocity Diagrams H.3.1. Derivations of Equations to Compute Velocities and Angles of Dimensionless Velocity Diagram H.3.2. Using φ, ψ, and R to Quickly Draw a Dimensionless Velocity Diagram Appendix I: Throughflow Design with Simple Radial Equilibrium Equation I.1. Introduction I.2. Radial Equilibrium Equation I.3. Vortex Energy Equation I.4. Free-Vortex Design I.4.1. Degree of Reaction in an Axial-Flow Turbomachine I.5. General Vortex Design I.6. Throughflow Design Project I.6.1. Axial-Flow Compressor Layout and Nomenclature I.6.2. Governing Equations I.6.3. Case 1: Single-Stage Compressor with Potential Flow (Free-Vortex Design) I.6.4. Case 2: Single-Stage Compressor with Specified Flow Angles and Efficiency Table I.1: Radial Distributions of Exit Absolute Flow Angles and Stage Efficiency References Nomenclature Appendix J: Review of Necessary Mathematics J.1. Suffix Notation and Tensor Algebra J.1.1. Summation Convention J.1.2. Free and Dummy Indices J.1.3. Two Special Symbols J.2. Gradient, Divergence, Curl, and Laplacian J.2.1. Gradient J.2.2. Divergence J.2.3. Curl J.2.4. Laplacian J.3. Dyad in Total Derivative J.4. Total Derivative J.5. Vector Identities Bibliography Index