Submerged and Floating Photovoltaic Systems: Modelling, Design and Case Studies

Description

Submerged and Floating Photovoltaic Systems: Modelling, Design and Case Studies investigates how the use of photovoltaic systems in and on the water can create a positive synergy by increasing the cost effectiveness of PV systems, satisfying the local energy demand and creating positive effects on water. Tina and Rosa-Clot combine their wealth of experience to present a theoretical, numerical, experimental and design-focused analysis of water-integrated PV systems. The book is dedicated to providing a very accessible and understandable analysis of the theoretical and modeling aspects of these PV systems. The authors explore and analyze many existing projects and case studies which provide the reader with an understanding of common design and installation problems, as well as a thorough economic study to help the reader justify the adoption of this very clean method of creating renewable energy. Investigates the installation of photovoltaic systems and storage systems over and under the water’s surfaceOffers theoretical and practical explanations of how to study, analyze and design photovoltaic energy systems which are complemented by MATLAB simulations for an enhanced learning experienceConsiders how the use of submerged and floating photovoltaic systems can work to fulfill domestic energy demand 0 Front-Matter_2018_Submerged-and-Floating-Photovoltaic-Systems Title Page Copyright_2018_Submerged-and-Floating-Photovoltaic-Systems Copyright Acknowledgment_2018_Submerged-and-Floating-Photovoltaic-Systems Acknowledgment 1 Introduction Renewable Energy Penetration Floating and Submerged PV Plants: Where? Freshwater Surfaces Seawater The Advantages of PV on Water: Land Saving, Cooling, Tracking, and Storage Costs and Future Trends Conclusions References 2 Photovoltaic Electricity Introduction Solar Energy Source Solar Position and Local Time Solar Radiation Components Albedo Irradiance Databases NASA Database PVGIS Database Radiation Harvesting by a PV Plant Conclusion References 3 Introduction to PV Plants Introduction Photovoltaic Effect Spectral Response of a PV Module The Equivalent Circuit for a PV Cell and Module Temperature and Irradiance Impact on I-V and P-V Curves The DC/DC and DC/AC Conversion Systems and PV Plant Schemes Electrical Components and Grounding Electric Shock of a Person Totally or Partially Immersed in Water General Grounding System Grounding of the PV System Photovoltaic System Configurations Photovoltaic Technologies References 4 Submerged PV Systems Introduction The Electromagnetic Property of Water Optical Gains in a Submerged PV Modulus Thermal Drift Test of Submerged Panel Submerged Modules References 5 The Floating PV Plant Introduction The Floating Structures: The First Pioneering Solutions Pontoons Modular Raft in Galvanized Steel Plastic Rafts The Raft/Pontoon Design Optimization for a Plant Fixed or With Tracking Water Cooling Water Veil Cooling Sprinklers Cleaning and Panel Cycle of Life Mooring System Mooring for a Fixed Plant Mooring of the System With Tracking The Wind Load and Waves A Simplified Analysis Simulations Waves The Tracking System Tracking With Confinement Tracking Without Confinement: Rope System Tracking Without Confinement: Submerged Structure Tracking Without Confinement: Bow Thrusters Solar Alignment System and Tracking Safety System Test of Tracking System Off-Shore Systems and a Specific Raft Concept References 6 Concentration Systems and Floating Plants Introduction Flat Reflector on the Rear of a PV Module Flat Reflectors in a V-Shaped Position Reflector V-Shaped Geometry Real World: Azimuth Alignment Real World: Mirror Reflectance and Diffuse Light Test of Reflectors Parabolic Concentrators Bifacial Modules References 7 Storage Systems and Floating Plants Introduction GES Systems Traditional Gravity Systems and Hydroelectric Plants Shallow Water GES Artificial Atoll: The DEME Project (by Courtesy of DEME Company) Large Basins With Low Weirs Deep Water GES DOGES Heavy Weights (by courtesy of MGH company) Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage The Raft as Reservoir for ICAES Full-Range Isothermal Compression Heat Exchange and Critical Aspects Reduced-Range Isothermal Compression Hydraulic ICAES References 8 Floating Plants and Environmental Aspects Introduction The Geographic Technical Potential Factor αsw for Floating Plants Water Surfaces Availability Floating Panel Structures and PF Floating Photovoltaic Plants and the Evaporation Problem Evaporation Model Example of Floating PV Plants Siting Adelaide: The Bolivar Basin Algae Bloom Control Air-Flotation Continuous Laminar Flow and Oxygenation Sonication Control of Water and PV Plant Flora and Fauna in Basins With FPV Plants References 9 Integration of Water-Based PV Systems Introduction The Hydroelectric System and the Coupling to Floating PV Technology Floating Roundabout Solar Tracking The Floating Solution Some Possible Locations Thermal Electric Solar Panel Integration Photovoltaic Swimming Pool Overflow and Skimmer Swimming Pool Swimming Pool With Heat Storage Tank Architectural Design and Building Integration References 10 Appendix 1: Nomenclature 11 Index A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V W