OCR Ancient History AS and a Level Component 2: Rome

Description

This textbook supports the specification for AS and A-Level Ancient History (first teaching September 2017). It covers the whole of Component 2, both the compulsory Period Study and the three optional Depth Studies:Period Study: The Julio-Claudian Emperors, 31 BC-AD 68 by Robert Cromarty and James HarrisonDepth Study: The Breakdown of the Late Republic, 88-31 BC by Steve MatthewsDepth Study: The Flavians, AD 68-96 by Robert Cromarty Depth Study: Ruling Roman Britain, AD 43-c.128 by James HarrisonHow did Augustus change the Roman Constitution? Why was the Roman Republic doomed to fail? How did the Flavians re-invent the Imperial image? What was life like in Roman Britain?These are the sort of questions that you are required to consider for A-Level Ancient History. This textbook guides you through the use of power and politics in the Roman Senate and Imperial court from the Late Republic into the Principate. It considers individual ambition against the need for change, and substantive action against image and deception.The ideal preparation for the final examinations, all content is presented by experts and experienced teachers in a clear and accessible narrative. Ancient literary and visual sources are described and analysed, with supporting images. Helpful student features include study questions, further reading, and boxes focusing in on key people, events and terms. Practice questions and exam guidance prepare students for assessment.A Companion Website is available at www.bloomsbury.com/anc-hist-as-a-level. Cover page Halftitle page Series page Title page Copyright page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Map PART 1 PERIOD STUDY: THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN EMPERORS, 31 BC–AD 68 Introduction to The Julio-Claudian Emperors, 31 BC–AD 68 1.1 Augustus, 31 BC–AD 14 THE PRESENTATION OF AUGUSTUS’ VICTORY AT ACTIUM AUGUSTUS’ MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS THE CONSTITUTIONAL SETTLEMENTS OF 27 AND 23 BC THE RESTORATION OF THE REPUBLIC AND THE REVIVAL OF TRADITIONAL ROMAN VALUES AND PRACTICES AUGUSTUS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS RELIGION, INCLUDING THE IMPERIAL CULT INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF ROME ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES TO ROME AND THE PROVINCES AUGUSTUS’ BUILDING PROGRAMME RELATIONS WITH THE SENATE, EQUESTRIANS AND ORDINARY PEOPLE OF ROME CHALLENGES TO HIS RULE, INCLUDING CONSPIRACIES THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DYNASTY AND ISSUES OF SUCCESSION 1.2 Tiberius, AD 14–37 THE VIEWS OF CLASSICAL AUTHORS ON TIBERIUS’ REIGN TIBERIUS’ RELATIONSHIPS WITH GERMANICUS AND SEJANUS CONSPIRACIES AND CHALLENGES TO TIBERIUS’ REIGN, INCLUDING MUTINIES AND REVOLTS THE TREASON TRIALS TIBERIUS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS RELIGION, INCLUDING THE IMPERIAL CULT INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ROME RELATIONS WITH THE SENATE, EQUESTRIANS, AND ORDINARY PEOPLE OF ROME 1.3 Gaius, AD 37–41 THE PRESENTATION OF GAIUS’ CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY AS EMPEROR BY THE ANCIENT SOURCES ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES TO ROME RELATIONS WITH THE SENATE, EQUESTRIANS, AND PLEBS GAIUS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS RELIGION, INCLUDING THE IMPERIAL CULT INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ROME THE ASSASSINATION OF AD 41 1.4 Claudius, AD 41–54 THE DIFFICULTIES OF THE ACCESSION THE PRESENTATION OF CLAUDIUS’ ROLE IN, AND MOTIVES FOR, THE INVASION OF BRITAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF CLAUDIUS’ WIVES AND FREEDMEN, INCLUDING THEIR ROLE IN AFFECTING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CLAUDIUS, NERO AND BRITANNICUS ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES TO ROME RELATIONS WITH THE SENATE, EQUESTRIANS AND ORDINARY PEOPLE OF ROME THE EVENTS SURROUNDING CLAUDIUS’ DEATH 1.5 Nero, AD 54–68 THE PRESENTATION OF NERO AS EMPEROR BY THE ANCIENT SOURCES THE EARLY PART OF NERO’S REIGN AND THE CHANGING ROLE OF AGRIPPINA THE IMPORTANCE OF NERO’S WIVES THE PISONIAN CONSPIRACY IN 65 THE GREAT FIRE OF ROME IN 64 THE REVOLT OF VINDEX; THE DEATH OF NERO AND THE ACCESSION OF GALBA NERO’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS RELIGION INCLUDING THE IMPERIAL CULT INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ROME ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES TO ROME RELATIONS WITH THE SENATE, EQUESTRIANS AND ORDINARY PEOPLE OF ROME PART 2 DEPTH STUDIES Introduction to the Depth Study options DEPTH STUDY 1 The Breakdown of the Late Republic, 88–31 BC Introduction to The Breakdown of the Late Republic, 88–31 BC 2.1 The Form of the Constitution THE SENATE INCLUDING SENATUS CONSULTA MAGISTRATES AND THE CURSUS HONORUM TRIBUNES THE PEOPLE FACTIONS, INCLUDING OPTIMATES AND POPULARES THE LAW COURTS, INCLUDING QUAESTIONES PERPETUAE THE SOCIAL ORDERS THE GRACCHI AND MARIUS 2.2 Sulla and the 70s THE REFORMS OF SULLA AS DICTATOR THE UNDOING OF SULLA’S REFORMS POMPEY’S MILITARY COMMANDS POMPEY AND CRASSUS AS CONSULS 2.3 The Catilinarian Conspiracy CATILINE CICERO’S ELECTION CAMPAIGN CAESAR CATILINE AND CICERO 2.4 The 50s: A Turbulent Decade POMPEY’S NEEDS CRASSUS’ NEEDS CAESAR’S NEEDS THE FORMATION OF THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE CAESAR’S FIRST CONSULSHIP CLODIUS AS TRIBUNE THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TRIUMVIRATE 2.5 Civil War and Caesar’s Dictatorship THE REASONS FOR THE CIVIL WAR CAESAR’S MILITARY COMMAND CAESAR’S DICTATORSHIP ASSASSINATION 2.6 The Second Triumvirate AFTERMATH OF CAESAR’S ASSASSINATION ANTONY AGAINST THE SENATE THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE OCTAVIAN’S SUCCESSES VICTORY AT ACTIUM AND EGYPT 2.7 Social and Economic Relationships and Their Importance in the Breakdown of the Republic SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS INDIVIDUALS DEPTH STUDY 2 The Flavians, AD 68–96 Introduction to The Flavians, AD 68–96 3.1 The Year of the Four Emperors: The Establishment of the Flavian Dynasty AD 68–69 OTHO’S REIGN AND THE CHALLENGE OF VITELLIUS THE ACTIONS OF VESPASIAN AND HIS SUPPORTERS GAIUS LICINIUS MUCIANUS: POLITICAL SUPPORT TIBERIUS JULIUS ALEXANDER: PROVINCIAL SUPPORT THE MOESIAN, SYRIAN, AND JUDEAN LEGIONS: MILITARY SUPPORT ROME UNDER VITELLIUS, HIS FAILINGS, AND THE ENDING OF THE CIVIL WAR 3.2 The Nature of the Principate under the Flavians THE ACTIONS OF VESPASIAN ON HIS ACCESSION AND THE REASONS FOR THEM THE FLAVIANS AND ROME (I): THE PRINCEPS AND THE SENATE THE FLAVIANS AND ROME (II): THE PRINCEPS AND THE PLEBS THE FLAVIANS AND ROME (III): THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EQUITES 3.3 The Personalities of Vespasian, Titus and Domitian VESPASIAN’S CHARACTER TITUS’ CHARACTER DOMITIAN’S CHARACTER TAXATION AND FINANCES UNDER THE FLAVIANS CHALLENGES TO ROMAN AUTHORITY: THE PROBLEMS IN THE EAST, BRITAIN, GERMANY AND THE DANUBE 3.4 Propaganda: Its Role in Creating and Supporting the Dynasty THE ACCESSION OF VESPASIAN AND THE BEGINNINGS OF THE DYNASTY IMAGING THE PRINCEPS – THE EMPEROR IN ART, COINS, AND LITERATURE: THE PRESENTATION OF THE PRINCEPS ENTERTAINING THE MASSES: FESTIVALS, GAMES, AND TRIUMPHS THE USE OF BUILDING PROJECTS IN ROME AND THE EMPIRE 3.5 Religion: Its Role in the Principate and Roman Society THE STATUS AND IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL ROMAN RELIGIOUS PRACTICES AND RITES IN ROMAN SOCIETY ALTERNATIVE RELIGIONS – THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN CULTS IMPERIAL FAMILY AND IMPERIAL CULT INVOLVEMENT AND ATTITUDE – THE EMPEROR’S ROLE IN RELIGION THE IMPACT ON SOCIETY OF THE RELIGIOUS ‘DEVELOPMENTS’ OF THE FLAVIANS DEPTH STUDY 3 Ruling Roman Britain, AD 43–128 Introduction to Ruling Roman Britain, AD 43–128 4.1 Roman Military Policy towards Britain: Conquest and Expansion ROME’S RELATIONS WITH BRITAIN BEFORE AD 43 THE REASONS FOR THE ROMAN CONQUEST OF BRITAIN UNDER CLAUDIUS ROMAN MILITARY POLICY TOWARDS BRITAIN AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS THE GOVERNORSHIP OF AGRICOLA 4.2 Frontier Policy: Consolidation and Retrenchment AD 85– c . 128 THE CHANGES TO FRONTIER POLICY AFTER AGRICOLA’S GOVERNORSHIP INCLUDING RETRENCHMENT THE STANEGATE ROAD SYSTEM HADRIAN’S WALL: ITS HISTORY, FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS 4.3 Resistance to Roman Rule THE NATURE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BRITISH RESISTANCE TO ROMAN INVASION AND RULE CARATACUS THE BOUDICCAN REBELLION CARTIMANDUA AND VENUTIUS CALGACUS 4.4 Roman Control THE ROLE AND DUTIES OF THE GOVERNOR AND THE PROCURATOR IN THE ROMAN PROVINCE OTHER OFFICIALS THE SOLDIERS 4.5 Effects of Roman Rule THE VALUE OF BRITAIN TO THE ROMANS A ROMAN WAY OF LIFE FOR THE BRITONS AGRICULTURE What to Expect in the AS Level Exam for the Roman Period Study STRUCTURE ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES SAMPLE QUESTIONS What to Expect in the A Level Exam ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES SECTION A SECTION B – DEPTH STUDY (THE BREAKDOWN OF THE LATE REPUBLIC, 88–31 BC ) SECTION B – DEPTH STUDY (FLAVIANS) SECTION B – DEPTH STUDY (RULING ROMAN BRITAIN, AD 43–c. 128) GLOSSARY SOURCES OF ILLUSTRATIONS SOURCES OF QUOTATIONS INDEX