Трудности английского языка для русских. Пособие для учителей средней школы

Description

The fourth edition of the present book has been revised and enlarged in accordance with the suggestions made by the teachers of English of the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute for Foreign Languages. More attention has been paid to specific difficulties of English for Russians, especially in such parts as Word-Order, Concord, Uses of Tenses, Articles, as well as in Analysis and Verbals. An attempt has been made to point out the peculiarities of English analysis from the point of view of Russian students. A great many exercises have been added to illustrate the rules. The key to the exercises has also been added. Part I. Introduction to Grammatical Categories Chapter I. Parts of Speech 1. Peculiarities of the Parts of Speech in Modern English Exercises on Parts of Speech Chapter II. The Sentence 2. Definition of a Sentence 3. Kinds of Sentences 4. Structure of the Simple Sentence 5. Elliptical Sentences 6. One-Member or Nominal Sentences Exercises on Sentences Part II. Syntax of the Sentence Chapter III. Analysis of the Simple Sentence 7. The Subject. Ways of Expressing 8. Peculiar Use and Meaning of the Pronouns it, one, they, we, you Serving as Subjects 9. Summarized Classification of Subjects 10. The English and Russian Subjects Compared 11. Forms of the Predicate 12. Predicatives: Definition ana Ways of Expressing 13. Russian and English Predicates Compared 14. The Object,, Ways of Expressing 15. Form of the Object; Non-Prepositional and Prepositional Objects 16. The Direct Object 17. The Indirect Object 18. The Prepositional Object 19. The Cognate Object and the Retained Object 20. English and Russian Objects Compared 21. The Attribute Noun-Modifier. Ways of Expressing 22. English and Russian Attributes Compared 23. Adverbials 24. English and Russian Adver-bials Compared 25. Difficulties in Analysis 26. Analysis of a Sentence in Tabular Form Exercises on the Analysis of the Sentence Chapter IV. Order of Words 27. Importance of Word-Order in English 28. General Principles of Word-Order 29. Position of the Subject and of the Predicate 30. Position of the Object 31. Position of the Attribute 32. Position of Adverbial Modifiers 33. Emphatic Inversion and Other Methods Producing Emphasis 34. Place of the Preposition Exercises on Word-Order Chapter V. Concord 35. Agreement of the Predicate with the Subject in Number 36. Difficulties in Concord 37. Difficulties in Number 38. Common Errors in Concord and Number 38. Agreement of the Predicate with the Subject in Person Exercises on Concord and Number Part III. Syntax of the Verb Chapter VI. Uses of the Tenses in the Active Voice 39. English Tenses 40. The Present Indefinite Tense 11. The Present Continuous Tense 42. The Present Perfect Tense 43. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 44. The Past Indefinite Tense 45. The Past Continuous Tense 46. The Past Perfect Tense 47. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense 48. The Future Indefinite Tense 49. The Future Continuous Tense 50. The Future Perfect Tense Exercises on Tenses Chapter VII. The Passive Voice 51. Forms of the Passive Voice 52. Uses of the Tenses in the Passive Voice 53. Change from Active into Passive 54. Choice and Peculiar Use of the Passive in Modern English Exercises on the Passive Voice Chapter VIII. Sequence of Tenses 55. Principal Rules Exercises on the Sequence of Tenses Chapter IX. Direct and Indirect Speech 56. Distinction between Direct and indirect Speech 57. Statements 58. Questions 59. Commands Exercises on Direct and Indirect Speech Chapter X. Moods 60. General Definition 61. The Indicative Mood 62. The Imperative Mood ChapterXI. Subjunctives 63. General Definition 64. Ways of Expressing the Subjunctive and the Subjunctive Equivalents 65. Non-Tempbral Use of Tenses in the Subjunctive Mood 66. Uses of the Subjunctive Mood and its Equivalents 67. Uses of should and would 68. Uses of may, might, can, could, must, ought Exercises on Moods Part IV. Verbals Ch apter XII. Infinitives, Participles, Gerunds 69. General Definition and Use Chapter XIII. The Infinitive 70. General Characteristics 71. The Infinitive without to 72. The Perfect Infinitive 73. Different Functions of the Infinitive 74. The Accusative with the Infinitive Construction 75. The Nominative with the Infinitive Construction 76. The For-tо-Infinitive Construction 77. The Difficulties in the Analysis of the Infinitive Exercises on the Infinitives Chapter XIV. The Ing-Form 78. General Characteristics 79. The Present Participle 80. Different Functions of the Present Participle 81. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction 82. The Gerund 83. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun Compared 84. Different Functions of the Gerund 85. The Half-Gerund Fused Participles 86. Difficulties in the Analysis of the Ing-Form Exercises on the Ing-Form Part V. Syntax of the Complex and Compound Sentences Chapter XV. The Sentence in Composition 87. The Compound Sentence 88. The Complex Sentence 89. Classification of Subordinate Clauses 90. Subject Clauses 91. Object Clauses 92. Predicative Clauses 93. Attributive Clauses 94. Adverbial Clauses 95. The Compound-Complex Sentence Exercises on Compound and Complex Sentences Part VI. Articles and Prepositions Chapter XVI. Articles 96. Distinction between the Definite and Indefinite Articles 97. Special Uses of the Definite Article 98. Special Uses of the Indefinite Article 99. Absence of the Article 100. Special Difficulties in the Use of the Articles Exercises on the Use of Articles Chapter XVII. Uses of Prepositions 101. At, in 102. To, into 103. By, with 104. From, of 105. On, upon 106. For 107. Above, over 108. Below, under, beneath 109. After, behind, beyond 110. Between, among, amongst, amid, amidst 111. During, within 112. Till, untill 113. Around, round 114. Out of 115. Against 116. Across, along, through, over 117. Special Difficulties in Prepositions Exercises on the Use of Prepositions Key to the Exercises