Atlas of Non-Invasive Imaging in Cardiac Anatomy

Description

This atlas provides a detailed visual resource of how sophisticated non-invasive imaging relates to the anatomy observed in a variety of cardiovascular pathologies. It includes investigation of a wide range of defects in numerous cardiac structures. Mitral valve commissures, atrioventricular septal junction and right ventricular outflow tract plus a wealth of other structures are covered, offering readers a comprehensive integrative experience to understand how anatomic subtleties are revealed by modern imaging modalities. Atlas of Non-Invasive Imaging in Cardiac Anatomy provides a detailed set of visual instructions that is of use to any cardiovascular professional needing to understand the orientation of a patient’s imaging. Therefore this is an essential guide for all trainee and practicing cardiologists, cardiac imagers, cardiac surgeons and interventionists. Preface Contents Contributors 1: The Mitral Valve Mitral Annulus The Posterior Annulus The Anterior Annulus The Shape of the Annulus Annulus Motion Mitral Leaflets The Commissures The Leaflets Microstructure of the Leaflets Chordae Tendineae Microstructure of Chordae Tendineae Papillary Muscles Suggested Reading 2: The Aortic Root The “Babel” of Terminology The Position of the Aortic Root The Components of the Aortic Root The Ventriculo-Arterial Junction The Crown-Shaped Annulus and the Interleaflet Triangles The Sinuses of Valsalva The Leaflets The Sinutubular Junction and the Coronary Artery Ostia Suggested Reading 3: The Tricuspid Valve General Anatomy of the Tricuspid Valve The Tricuspid Annulus Surgical Aspect Shape and Motion of the Tricuspid Annulus The Right Coronary Artery Leaflets Imaging Techniques The Septal Leaflet The Subvalvular Apparatus Pathoanatomy of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation Suggested Reading 4: The Interatrial Septum, Septal Atrio-ventricular Junction, and Membranous Septum The Interatrial Septum A Brief History of Transseptal Puncture Septation of the Atria “True” Interatrial Septum Misconceptions The Septal Pouch Versus Patent Foramen Ovale The Septal Atrio-ventricular Junction The Membranous Septum Suggested Reading 5: The Right Atrium and Left Atrium The Right Atrium Imaging Techniques Computed Tomography Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Echocardiography Right Atrial Anatomy The Terminal Crest The Right Atrial Appendage The Cavo-Tricuspid Isthmus The Eustachian Valve The Left Atrium Physiology of the Left Atrium Structures of the Left Atrium The Left Atrial Isthmus Left Atrial Appendage Physiology of the LAA Anatomy of the LAA Imaging of the LAA The Left Lateral Ridge Pulmonary Veins Suggested Reading 6: The Left and Right Ventricles The Left Ventricle The Shape Inlet, Apical Trabeculated, and Outlet Components Papillary Muscles Microstructure Myocytes The Extracellular Matrix Relation Between Myocardial Structure and Function Thickening, Longitudinal Shortening, and Torsion The Role of Blood The Right Ventricle Location and Shape of the RV Inlet, Apical Trabeculated, and Outlet Specific Anatomic Structures Microstructure The Subvalvular Apparatus Pattern of RV Contraction The Pulmonary Root Anatomy Suggested Reading 7: The Coronary Arteries and Veins Introduction The Marginal Role of Echocardiography and CMR in Visualizing Coronary Arteries Advantages and Disadvantages of ICA Advantages and Disadvantages of CTCA Anatomy of Coronary Artery The Left Coronary Artery The Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) The Left Circumflex Artery (LCx) The Right Coronary Artery (RCA) Epicardial Adipose Tissue Angiographic Projections of Coronary Arteries Coronary Distribution and Myocardium Segments The Microanatomy of Coronary Arteries Coronary Veins Suggested Reading Index