Western Civilization: A Brief History

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About the Author Brief Contents Detailed Contents Documents Maps Features Preface Acknowledgments Introduction to Students of Western Civilization Ch 1: The Ancient near East: The First Civilizations The First Humans The Emergence of Civilization Civilization in Mesopotamia Egyptian Civilization: "The Gift of the Nile" Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 2: The Ancient near East: Peoples and Empires On the Fringes of Civilization The Hebrews: "The Children of Israel" The Assyrian Empire The Persian Empire Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 3: The Civilization of the Greeks Early Greece The Greeks in a Dark Age (ca. 1100-ca. 750 B.C.E.) The World of the Greek City-States (ca. 750-ca. 500 B.C.E.) The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece The Culture and Society of Classical Greece Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 4: The Hellenistic World Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms Culture in the Hellenistic World Religion in the Hellenistic World Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 5: The Roman Republic The Emergence of Rome The Roman Republic (ca. 509-264 B.C.E.) The Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264-133 B.C.E.) Society and Culture in the Roman World The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133-31 B.C.E.) Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 6: The Roman Empire The Age of Augustus (31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.) The Early Empire (14-180) Roman Culture and Society in the Early Empire Transformation of the Roman World: Crises in the Third Century Transformation of the Roman World: The Rise of Christianity Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 7: Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World The Late Roman Empire The Germanic Kingdoms Development of the Christian Church The Byzantine Empire The Rise of Islam Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 8: European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000 The World of the Carolingians Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire The Emerging World of Lords and Vassals The Zenith of Byzantine Civilization The Slavic Peoples of Central and Eastern Europe The World of Islam Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 9: The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages Land and People in the High Middle Ages The New World of Trade and Cities The Intellectual and Artistic World of the High Middle Ages Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 10: The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power The Emergence and Growth of European Kingdoms, 1000-1300 The Recovery and Reform of the Catholic Church Christianity and Medieval Civilization The Crusades Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 11: The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century A Time of Troubles: Black Death and Social Crisis War and Political Instability The Decline of the Church Culture and Society in an Age of Adversity Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 12: Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance The Making of Renaissance Society The Italian States in the Renaissance The Intellectual Renaissance in Italy The Artistic Renaissance The European State in the Renaissance The Church in the Renaissance Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 13: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century Prelude to Reformation Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany The Spread of the Protestant Reformation The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation The Catholic Reformation Politics and the Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth Century Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 14: Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800 On the Brink of a New World New Horizons: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires New Rivals on the World Stage The Impact of European Expansion Toward a World Economy Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 15: State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century Social Crises, War, and Rebellions The Practice of Absolutism: Western Europe Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe Limited Monarchy: The Dutch Republic and England The Flourishing of European Culture Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Ch 16: Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science Background to the Scientific Revolution Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy Advances in Medicine and Chemistry Women in the Origins of Modern Science Toward a New Earth: Descartes, Rationalism, and a New View of Humankind The Spread of Scientific Knowledge Chapter Summary Chapter Timeline Chapter Review Glossary Index