Advances in coastal hydraulics

Description

Intro Contents Preface About the Editors Chapter 1. Flows Within Marine Vegetation Canopies 1. Introduction 1.1. Coastlines under threat 1.2. Overview 2. Canopy Geometry 3. Unidirectional Flows 3.1. Key length scales of flows within vegetation canopies 3.2. Characterizing drag in rigid vegetation 3.3. Characterizing drag in flexible vegetation 3.4. Scaling for depth-uniform flow 3.5. Large-scale, depth-integrated flows 3.6. Vertical and horizontal flow variability 4. Oscillatory Flow Inside Canopies 4.1. Drag and dissipation in oscillating flows 4.2. Modeling wave attenuation4.3. Observed attenuation in rigid vegetation 4.4. Dissipation in flexible vegetation: Parameterizations based on Reynolds or Keulegan-Carpenter numbers 4.5. Dissipation in flexible vegetation: The role of vegetation stiffness 4.6. Dissipation in flexible stems: The role of buoyancy 4.7. Wave-induced streaming through vegetation 5. Sedimentation Within Vegetation Canopies 6. The Prediction of the Long-Term Evolution of Vegetated Shorelines 7. Conclusions and Future Challenges Acknowledgments References Chapter 2. Arctic Coastal Erosion Modeling 1. Introduction2. Coastal Erosion Rates and Mechanisms in Arctic Alaska 3. Arctic Coastal Erosion Modeling Efforts -- A Brief Review 3.1. Niche erosion/block collapse 3.2. Bluff face thaw/slumping or translational-shear ice thaw 3.3. Modeling of sites subject to both niche erosion/block collapse and bluff face thaw/slumping 4. Next Steps in Arctic Coastal Erosion Modeling References Chapter 3. Perspectives on Modeling Saltwater Intrusion Processes in Coastal Groundwater Aquifers 1. Introduction 2. Mathematical Models 2.1. Sharp interface analytical models 2.2. Diffused interface numerical models2.2.1. Governing equations and numerical solution strategies 3. Benchmarking Density-Coupled Codes Using Henry-Type Problem 3.1. Review of the original Henry problem 3.2. Limitations of original Henry problem for benchmarking density coupled codes 4. Laboratory Experiments for Studying Henry-Type Problems 4.1. Flow tank construction 4.2. Experimental dataset for constant head boundary condition 4.3. Experimental dataset for constant flux boundary conditions 4.3.1. Regional-flux experiments 4.3.2. Areal-recharge flux experiments 5. Summary and ConclusionsReferences Chapter 4. Coastal Ocean Observing Systems for the 21st Century 1. Introduction 2. Rationale and Motivation 3. Global-Scale Observatories 3.1. ARGO float array 3.2. Ocean observatories initiative 3.3. HOT and BATS: Blue ocean time-series stations 4. Coastal Observatories (Platforms) 4.1. Platforms 4.1.1. HF radar network 4.1.2. National buoyancy glider network 4.1.3. Surface vehicles 4.1.4. Powered cabled arrays 4.2. Hazards 4.2.1. Oil spill response and mitigation 4.2.2. Coastal eutrophication and hypoxia 4.2.3. Harmful algal blooms