Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Description

Childhood obesity and its co-morbidities -- including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and fatty liver disease -- have seen striking increases in recent years. Despite a wealth of investigation, there is considerable controversy regarding the etiology of childhood obesity and the optimal approaches for prevention and treatment. Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment addresses the controversy with a range of features that make it a unique resource for those who care for obese children and their families. Written from a perspective that is international in scope, the distinguished authors re-assess the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity and critically review new studies of the effects of lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions. The evidence-based approach of Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment provides a comprehensive and invaluable guide for all healthcare providers concerned with the evaluation and care of children with nutritional and metabolic disease and with the societal implications of the obesity epidemic. Front Matter....Pages i-xv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Global Dynamics in Childhood Obesity: Reflections on a Life of Work in the Field....Pages 3-11 Front Matter....Pages 13-13 The Neuroendocrine Control of Energy Balance....Pages 15-32 Front Matter....Pages 33-33 Monogenic Obesity....Pages 35-45 Syndromic Obesity....Pages 47-64 Polygenic Obesity....Pages 65-73 Racial Differences in Childhood Obesity: Pathogenesis and Complications....Pages 75-89 Front Matter....Pages 91-91 Maternal Determinants of Childhood Obesity: Weight Gain, Smoking, and Breastfeeding....Pages 93-102 Intrauterine Growth Retardation....Pages 103-112 Gestational Diabetes....Pages 113-122 Front Matter....Pages 123-123 The Role of Diet....Pages 125-135 Energy Expenditure in Children: The Role of NEAT ....Pages 137-151 Front Matter....Pages 153-153 Childhood Obesity and the Regulation of Growth, Thyroid Function, Sexual Development, and Calcium Homeostasis....Pages 155-162 Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in Childhood Obesity....Pages 163-174 Pathogenesis and Management of Dyslipidemia in Obese Children....Pages 175-199 Fatty Liver Disease....Pages 201-222 Pathogenesis of Hypertension and Renal Disease in Obesity....Pages 223-239 Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Sleep Duration in Childhood Obesity....Pages 241-252 The Long-Term Metabolic Complications of Childhood Obesity....Pages 253-263 Childhood Obesity, Atherogenesis, and Adult Cardiovascular Disease....Pages 265-278 Front Matter....Pages 279-279 Family-Based Behavioral Interventions....Pages 281-301 Front Matter....Pages 279-279 Exercise and Childhood Obesity....Pages 303-313 School- and Community-Based Interventions....Pages 315-335 Front Matter....Pages 337-337 Pharmacotherapy of Childhood Obesity and Pre-diabetes....Pages 339-355 Pathogenesis and Management of Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in PCOS: Prevention and Treatment of the Metabolic Disease Components....Pages 357-367 Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in the Child with a Major Behavioral Disorder: Atypical Antipsychotics....Pages 369-376 Hypothalamic Obesity....Pages 377-388 Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents....Pages 389-402 Front Matter....Pages 403-403 Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Adaptations in the Central Nervous System That Facilitate Weight Regain....Pages 405-421 The Socio-cultural Context for Obesity Prevention and Treatment in Children and Adolescents: Influences of Ethnicity and Gender....Pages 423-436 Front Matter....Pages 437-437 The Marketing and Distribution of Fast Food....Pages 439-450 Local and National Policy-Based Interventions: To Improve Children’s Nutrition....Pages 451-460 Back Matter....Pages 461-487