Forecasting Next Generation Manufacturing: Digital Shadows, Human-Machine Collaboration, and Data-driven Business Models

Description

Manufacturing companies have just begun to implement the concepts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) on a larger scale. Still, this area is characterized by a rapid pace of technological change, blurring boundaries between physical, digital, and biological systems, and a quickly changing growing political, economic, and social environment -- leading to high uncertainty in decision making and many questions about the future development in this field. To provide guidance and inspiration for managers and academics on the future of digital manufacturing systems, this book presents the results of an extensive Delphi study on next-generation manufacturing systems, with a projection period of up to 2030. We analyzed almost 2000 quantitative estimations and more than 600 qualitative arguments from a large panel of industrial and academic experts from Europe, North America, and Asia. The book describes each of the 24 projections in detail, offering current case study examples and related research, as well as implications for policymakers, firms, and individuals. The empirical results also allowed us to build scenarios for the most probable future along the dimensions of governance, organization, capabilities, and interfaces from both a company-internal and an external (network) perspective. Foreword Acknowledgements Contents Editors and Contributors How Digital Shadows, New Forms of Human-Machine Collaboration, and Data-Driven Business Models Are Driving the Future of Indus... 1 Industrial Value Creation After the Pandemic 2 Next Generation Manufacturing and the Internet of Production (IoP) 2.1 From Industry 4.0 to Industry 4.U 2.2 The Cluster of Excellence ``Internet of Production (IoP)´´ 2.3 Digital Twins and Digital Shadows 2.4 Internal Perspective: New Forms of Human-Machine Collaboration Enabled by Digital Shadows 2.5 External Perspective: Data-Driven Ecosystems Creating and Capturing Value from Digital Shadows via IoT Platforms 3 Strategic Design Factors of Next Generation Manufacturing: A Framework for Analyzing the Delphi Projections 3.1 Governance 3.2 Organization 3.3 Capabilities 3.4 Interfaces 3.5 Resilience 4 Conclusions and Outlook References Applying the Real-Time Delphi Method to Next Generation Manufacturing 1 Scenario Development for Next Generation Manufacturing 2 Real-Time Delphi Process 2.1 Step 1: Develop Delphi Projections 2.2 Step 2: Select Panel Experts 2.3 Step 3: Conduct Survey 2.4 Step 4: Develop Future Scenarios 3 Summary References Big Picture of Next Generation Manufacturing 1 Overview 2 Expert Assessments 3 Comparison Between Subgroups of Experts 4 Summary Appendix References Governance Structures in Next Generation Manufacturing 1 Introduction 2 Projection 1: Subscription Models 3 Projection 2: Digital Services 4 Projection 3: Data Sharing 5 Projection 4: Central Platform 6 Projection 5: Data Mediator 7 Projection 6: Industrial GDPR 8 Summary References Organization Routines in Next Generation Manufacturing 1 Introduction 2 Projection 7: Autonomous Robots 3 Projection 8: Hybrid Intelligence 4 Projection 9: AI-Based Assistants 5 Projection 10: New Leadership 6 Projection 11: Human Digital Twin 7 Projection 12: Employees´ Rights 8 Projection 13: Workforce Reduction 9 Summary References Capability Configuration in Next Generation Manufacturing 1 Introduction 2 Projection 14: Expert Knowledge 3 Projection 15: Environmental Sustainability 4 Projection 16: Production Transparency 5 Projection 17: University Degrees 6 Summary References Interface Design in Next Generation Manufacturing 1 Introduction 2 Projection 18: Implicit Interfaces 3 Projection 19: Open Interfaces 4 Projection 20: Production from Home 5 Projection 21: Plant Management from Home 6 Summary References Resilience Drivers in Next Generation Manufacturing 1 Introduction 2 Projection 22: Decentralization 3 Projection 23: Production Costs 4 Projection 24: Production Resilience 5 Summary References Future Scenarios and the Most Probable Future for Next Generation Manufacturing 1 Overview 2 Governance 3 Organization 4 Capabilities 5 Interfaces 6 Resilience 7 A Most Probable Scenario for Next Generation Manufacturing 8 Summary: Tensions Arising at the Interplay Between Internal and External Perspectives References Hybrid Intelligence in Next Generation Manufacturing: An Outlook on New Forms of Collaboration Between Human and Algorithmic D... 1 From Human-Computer Interaction to Human-Machine Collaboration 2 Hybrid Intelligence: Concept and Definition 3 New Rules for Task Allocation: Division of Labor Revisited 3.1 Degree of Machine Intelligence Integration into Organizational Decision Processes 3.2 Consequences for Decision Quality 4 Hybrid Intelligence in Next Generation Manufacturing 5 A Simple Application of Hybrid Intelligence in Publishing References