Education in South America: Education Around the World

Description

Education in South America is a critical reference guide to development of education in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. The chapters, written by local experts, provide an overview of the education system in each country, focusing particularly on policies and implementation of reforms. Key themes include quality and access, multicultural education and the management of education systems. Including a comparative introduction to the issues facing education in the region as a whole and guides to available online datasets, this book is an essential reference for researchers, scholars, international agencies and policy-makers. Cover page Halftitle page Series page Title page Copyright page Contents Series Editor’s Preface Notes on the Contributors Introduction Context Access, equity and quality of education Education policies Governance Teachers Curriculum, teaching methods and ICT Multicultural and bilingual education Conclusion Notes References 1 Argentina: Public Policiesin Education, 2001–2014 Introduction 1 The weight of history 2 Recent strategies 3 Pending challenges Notes 2 Argentina: Rethinking Government Models for Education Introduction A diagnosis of the Argentine education system Alternative models of educational governance Publification Challenges for Argentina’s educational agenda The strategic role of the Inspection Final Reflections References Sources 3 Bolivia: Perspectives and Challenges for Multicultural Education Introduction: The multicultural phenomenon and the plurinational state of Bolivia Part 1 – Education in Bolivia: historic and political perspectives Part 2 – Multicultural education: CEB/1994 and ASEP/2010 reforms Conclusions: challenges for contemporary Bolivian education Notes References 4 Brazil: The Role of States and Municipalities in the Implementation of Education Policies Introduction Educational policies in a federation Financing and municipalization of education Characteristics of Brazilian federalism and its consequences for educational policy Curriculum issues in a federal system Basic education evaluation and the collaboration regime Conclusion Notes References 5 Brazil: Curriculum of Basic Education Introduction The history of curriculum decisions in Brazil Brazil and the international context The new legal and normative context Curricular initiatives of the 1990s Prospects Notes References 6 Brazil: Why José Can’t Read Introduction and context Reading in Brazil José can’t read Why José Can’t Read : The success of government policies Definition Curriculum Methods Teachers and teacher training Instructional materials Evaluation Effective literacy policies and practices The case of Ceará The case of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro Notes References 7 Brazil: Costs and Economic Benefits of Education 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Evolution of education indicators in Brazil 7.3 Public Expenditure in Education 7.4 Rate of return to education 7.5 Projections of public expenditure per student 7.6 Conclusion Notes References 8 Chile: The Evolution of Educational Policy, 1980–2014 1 8.1 Market reform (1980–1989) 8.2 Educational improvement programmes (1990–1995) 8.3 Reform to educational quality andequality (1996–2005) 8.4 ‘Th e Impact Crisis’ and the reorientation of educational reform (2000–2005) 8.5 The ‘new architecture’ of Chilean education (2006–2013) 8.6 Education as a social right; over comingthe market model? (2014) 8.7 Conclusion Notes References 9 Chile: Effectiveness of Teacher Education Introduction Three phases of teacher education policy in Chile Discussion and conclusions Notes References 10 Chile: The Quality of For-Profit Schooling 1 Introduction 2 The politics of education reform 3 Private school diversity in Chile 4 Schooling inputs and outcomes 5 Conclusion Notes References 11 Colombia: Upper Secondary Education Reform The context of the Colombian education system Upper education currently represents the most important gap in educational exclusion in Colombia Complex educational reform Some conclusions Notes 12 Colombia: Public–Private Partnership to Support Decentralized Education Decentralization and the role of the central government Public–private partnerships – the case of Manizales Notes References 13 Colombia: Comprehensive Care for Early Childhood1 1 Situation of early childhood care in Colombia 2 Construction of the Strategy De Cero a Siempre 3 Designing of the Strategy 4 Implementation: inter-sectoriality is built from education 5 Tensions and challenges Notes 14 Ecuador: Learning to Work Together I. Introduction II. Causes and consequences of fragmentation in Ecuador III. Against the odds: the case of the Ten-Year Education Plan in Ecuador IV. The case of Educiudadanía V. Factors that explain the implementation of the PDE VI Some preliminary conclusions and reflections Notes References 15 Ecuador, 2007–2014: Attempting a Radical Educational Transformation The context Conclusion Notes References 16 Paraguay: An Overview Access to education The organization of the education sector Functional framework and organization of the sector The challenge of quality Barriers for successful educational practices Concluding remarks Th e challenge is to achieve social cohesion Notes References 17 Peru: Impact of Socioeconomic Gaps in Educational Outcomes I Introduction II The notion of equity in education III Educational regulations in Peru IV Attendance rates V Achievement in standardized tests VI Educational opportunities VII Some reasons for hope, and remaining challenges Notes References 18 Uruguay: Th e Teachers’ Policies Black Box The context The educational system The difficulties A twenty-first century reform Teachers and teacher education Teaching career Teacher education issues A challenge for the future Teachers’ policies A final thought References 19 Venezuela: Political and Institutional Transition, 1999–2014 Overview Background of the transition. Two educational agendas for the twenty-first century New institutionalism and changes in the Venezuelan educational system The institutionalization of a parallel system of secondary education The new institutional framework for basic and secondary education Notes References Index