Terahertz Devices, Circuits and Systems. Materials, Methods and Applications

Description

Preface Contents High-Efficiency Hexagonal-Shaped Quad Element MIMO Antenna for Terahertz Applications 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design Layout 2.1 Quad Element Antenna Design 3 Parametric Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 5 MIMO Diversity Performance 6 Losses and Terahertz Channel Capacity 6.1 Channel Capacity 7 Conclusion References An Ultra-Thin Octad-Band THz Metamaterial Absorber with Polarization-Insensitivity for Sensor Applications 1 Introduction 2 Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorber 2.1 Proposed Terahertz Absorber Design 2.2 Numerically Simulated Results 2.3 Effective Material Parameters 3 Surface-Current Distributions and Electric Field Distributions 4 Equivalent Circuit Diagram 5 Effects of Geometrical Parameters Variations 6 Sensor Applications 7 Conclusions References A Terahertz-Based Graphene Metasurface Sensor for Hemoglobin Detection with High Q Factor and Low Figure of Merit 1 Introduction 2 Design and Modeling 2.1 Graphene Conductivity Analysis 2.2 Performance-Defining Parameters for Proposed Sensor 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of a CPW-Fed Fractal MIMO THz Antenna Using an Array of Parasitic Elements 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Geometry and Analysis 3 Results Analysis 4 MIMO Analysis 5 Conclusions References Generation and Detection of Free-Space Terahertz Waveforms 1 Introduction 2 The Generation and Detection System 3 GaAs Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters 3.1 Theoretical Framework 3.2 Experimental Framework 4 ZnSe Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters 4.1 Theoretical Framework 4.2 Experimental Framework 5 ZnSe Electro-optic Terahertz Detectors 5.1 Theoretical Framework 5.2 Experimental Framework 6 Conclusions References Design of a Frequency Reconfigurable Low Noise Amplifier for the Terahertz Band 1 Introduction 2 The RF Receiver 3 The LNA Design Characteristics: Technical Background 4 LNA Design 4.1 Transistor Technology and Characteristics 4.2 The Proposed LNA 4.3 Case Study: Airport Ground Traffic Management 5 Simulation Results 5.1 DC Characteristics 5.2 S_Parameters 5.3 Noise Figure 5.4 Stability 5.5 Linearity 6 Conclusion References SIMO Array Characterized THz Antenna Resonating at Multiband Ultra High Frequency Range for 6G Wireless Applications 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Antenna Design and Analysis 2.1 Single Antenna Element 2.2 Proposed Single Element Antenna with Ground Structure 3 Antenna Array Structure Simulated for Various Substrate 3.1 Development of Array from Single Antenna 3.2 Substrate Selection for Array Based on Performance 4 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of a Tri-band Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Terahertz Applications 1 Introduction 2 Dielectric Resonator Antenna Design 2.1 Antenna Geometry 2.2 Parametric Study 3 Dielectric Resonator Antenna Design 4 Conclusion References III-Nitride HEMTs for THz Applications 1 Introduction 2 Operation Principle of HEMT 2.1 Origin of 2DEG 2.2 RF and THz Parameters 3 State-of-the-Art Research on III-Nitride HEMTs for THz Applications 3.1 Self-Mixing in GaN-Based HEMT for THz Detector 3.2 THz Amplification in GaN-Based HEMTs 3.3 THz Generation in GaN-Based HEMT 4 Conclusion References An Analysis on Wireless Communication in 6G THz Network and Their Challenges 1 Introduction 2 Building Block of 6G and THz Communication 2.1 Structure of Het-Cloud 2.2 Information Transmission Middle Networks: High Quick Discovery and Transmission Based Infrastructure 2.3 Acceleration of Hardware 3 Technical Requirements and Consideration Towards 6G THz Mobile Communication 3.1 Towards 6th Generation Terahertz Full Stack End-End Network 3.2 Enabled Wireless Communication in 6G Terahertz 3.3 Revolution of 6G Terahertz 4 Terahertz Frequency Challenges 5 Advantages of Terahertz Communication 6 Disadvantages of Terahertz Communication 7 Comparing Performance of Mobile Network 8 Conclusion References Antennas for THz Communication: Fundamentals, Design Structures, and Current Trends 1 Motivation for THz Communication 2 Different Terahertz Antenna Structures for the Communication 2.1 On-chip THz Antenna 2.2 Ceramic-Composite THz Lens Antenna 2.3 Dipole Antenna with Integrated Balun for Broadband THz On-chip Transition 2.4 THz Planner Antenna Using Photonic Crystal 2.5 Leaky Wave Antenna for Sub-Terahertz 2.6 Metamaterial-Based Diffracted Ground-Based MPA with Mender Line Approach 2.7 Graphene-Based THz Holographic Antenna 3 Proposed THz MIMO Antenna Structure 3.1 Introduction of Proposed Design 3.2 Design and Modelling 3.3 Discussion About Results 3.4 Conclusion 4 Current Trends and Different Applications in THz Communication 4.1 Water Dynamics Are Sensing by THz Waves 4.2 Detections of Protein 4.3 Plasma Wave-Based THz Camera 5 Future Trends 6 Conclusion References Compact Photonic Crystal Fiber for Sensing Applications in the THz Regime 1 Introduction 2 Conventional Optical Fiber Versus PCFs 3 Classifications of PCF 3.1 High Index Guiding PCF 3.2 Hollow Core PCF 4 Classifications of Fiber Optical Sensor 5 Different Structure of PCF Chemical Sensors in THz Regime 6 Different Structure of PCF Biosensors in THz Regime 6.1 Blood Components Sensor 6.2 Cancer Cells Sensor 6.3 Protein Sensor 6.4 Malaria Sensor 7 Milk Sensor 8 Gas Sensors 9 Environment Sensor 10 Conclusions References Study and Design of the Terahertz Antenna Array 1 Introduction 2 THz Components 2.1 THz sources 2.2 THz Detectors 2.3 THz Transmission Spectra 3 Antennas Adapted to Terahertz Frequencies 3.1 The Methodology to Follow to Design a Microstrip Patch Antenna 3.2 Results of the Simulations and Discussions 3.3 The Comparison of the Results Obtained with Those Available in the Scientific Publications 4 Conclusion References Micromachined Terahertz Metamaterials 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to Metamaterials 2 Metamaterials Absorber 3 Laser Based Micromachining 4 Terahertz Spectroscopy for Characterization 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References THz Design Variable Estimation by Deep Optimization Prior 1 Introduction 2 THz Scanning System 3 Literature Review 4 Proposed Methodology 4.1 Deep-Optimization 4.2 Autoencoder: 3D Model 4.3 Architecture of Network 5 Result and Analysis 5.1 Loss 5.2 Accuracy 6 Conclusion References Terahertz Imaging: Timeline and Future Prospects 1 Introduction 2 A General-Purpose Terahertz Imaging System 3 Timeline of Work Done in This Field 4 Current Status, Challenges, and Limitations 5 Conclusion References Advances in Signal and Communication Processing for Ultra-High-Speed Terahertz Communications 1 Introduction 2 Pulse-Based Modulations 2.1 Time Spread On–Off Keying 2.2 Rate Division Time Spread On–Off Keying 2.3 Symbol Rate Hopping TS-OOK 2.4 Other Pulse-Based Modulation Schemes 3 Single Carrier Versus Multicarrier 4 Channel Coding for Terahertz Nanocommunications 4.1 Low-Weight Codes 4.2 Minimum Energy Channel Code 4.3 Nanonetwork Minimum Energy Code 4.4 Minimum Energy Coding 4.5 Low-Weight Channel Code 5 Non-coherent Terahertz Receivers 6 Conclusion References Terahertz Antennas – Review and Design 1 Introduction 2 Development of THz Antennas 3 Primary Terahertz Antennas 4 Process Technology of Terahertz Antennas 5 Challenges in Terahertz Antennas 6 Future Advancement in Terahertz Antennas 7 Conclusion References