Oxygen-Carrier-Aided Combustion Technology for Solid-Fuel Conversion in Fluidized Bed

Description

This open access book surveys the development of OCAC technology in the last decade for solid fuel conversion in fluidized beds. The scientific concerns, including combustion and emission characteristics, ash-related problems, OC aging, and so on, are summarized and analyzed. Beyond this, new concepts like OCAC with Oxy-PFBC, OCAC coupled with staged fuel conversion, OCAC in rotatory kilns and multi-functional OCAC are proposed, so as to promote the applications of OCAC to various fields in the future. Moreover, this book also outlines the perspectives for future research and development of OCAC. As an emerging technology, extensive studies and investigations are still necessary to fill in the gap from the fundamental understanding of the technology to its industrial demonstrations. Nevertheless, we believe that this book provides novel insights for the readership of energy and combustion and stimulate meaningful follow-on research on OCAC technology. Preface Contents About the Authors 1 Introduction 1.1 General Background 1.2 The Objectives of This Book References 2 The Evolution of OCAC and Its Working Principles 2.1 Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) Technology 2.2 Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) Technology 2.3 Basic Working Principles of OCAC 2.3.1 OCAC Technology Evolution 2.3.2 Suggested OCAC Principles References 3 OCAC for Fuel Conversion Without CO2 Capture 3.1 Operation Experience 3.1.1 Combustion Performance 3.1.2 Oxygen Buffering Ability 3.2 Emissions 3.2.1 NOx Emission 3.2.2 SOx Emission and Desulfurization 3.3 Ash-Related Issues 3.3.1 Bed Agglomeration 3.3.2 Ash-Layer Formation of OC 3.4 The Aging of Oxygen Carrier 3.5 Bed Material Recovery 3.6 Characteristic Properties of OC References 4 OCAC Technology in Oxy-Fuel Combustion for Carbon Capture 4.1 Combustion Performance 4.2 Emissions 4.2.1 SO2 Emission and Desulfurization 4.2.2 NOx and N2O Emission 4.2.3 Condesate Liquid Analysis 4.3 Bed Material Analysis References 5 Oxygen Carrier Aided Gasification (OCAG) 5.1 The Proposed of Technical Routes 5.2 Gasification/Reforming Characteristics 5.2.1 OC Aided Tar Reforming 5.2.2 OC Aided Gasification 5.3 Screening of Bed Materials 5.4 Ash-Related Effects References 6 New Concepts for OCAC in Other Applications 6.1 OCAC with Pressurized Oxy-Fuel Combustion 6.1.1 Pressurized Oxy-Fuel Combustion 6.1.2 Oxygen-Carrier-Aided Oxy-PFBC Process 6.1.3 The Potential Advantages of OC Aided POFC 6.2 OCAC Coupled with Staged Conversion of Fuel 6.2.1 Staged Conversion of Fuel 6.2.2 OCAC Coupled with Staged Conversion of Fuel 6.3 OCAC Application Beyond Fluidized Bed 6.4 Multi-functional OCAC References 7 Perspectives on Future Research 7.1 Fundamentals Regarding Transport Phenomena and Chemical Reactions 7.1.1 Heat and Mass Transfer and Reactions 7.1.2 Problems Associated with Alkali Metals and S 7.2 Pollutant Transformation Routes and Control Strategies 7.2.1 NOx and SOx Formation and Emission Mechanism 7.2.2 The Emissions of Cl and Dioxin 7.2.3 Emissions of Mercury, Heavy Metals and PM 7.3 More Testing and Application of OCAC 7.3.1 More OC and Fuel Testing 7.3.2 More Applications of OCAC Technology 7.4 Techno-economic Analysis of OCAC Technology 7.5 Process Scale-Up and Optimization 7.5.1 Process Scale-Up 7.5.2 Process Optimization References