Wastewater from Olive Oil Production: Environmental Impacts, Treatment and Valorisation

Description

This book summarizes the recent research development concerning olive oil wastewater management: characterization, environmental impact, recovery and treatment. The book combines different chapters on the management of olive oil rejects using simple techniques with low investment and operating costs. The main focus of the book is: - Diagnosis, impacts of olive oil waste, and regulations- The valorization of the margins and the olive waste- Wastewater treatment and recovery- Evaluation of investments and operating costs of treatment techniques- Shaped by experience, the authors present their view and approach to each focus area of managing liquid and solid waste produced by crushing units. Preface I Preface II Contents Contributors 1 Processes of Valorization and Management of Olive By-Products: The Pomace and Olive Mill Wastewater 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Importance of the Olive Tree on an International Scale 1.2.1 Main Activities in the Olive Sector 1.2.2 Olive Oil Extraction Processing 1.3 Composition of Olive By-Products 1.3.1 Composition of Olive Pomace 1.3.2 Composition of Olive Mill Wastewater 1.3.3 Potential Techniques for the Treatment and Valorization of the Olive Mill Wastewater 1.3.4 Emerging Environmental Problems 1.4 Olive Pomace Valorization 1.5 Environmental Legislation and Regulations 1.6 Conclusion References 2 Olive Mill Wastewater: Treatment and Valorization 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Olive Oil Extraction and Its Associated By-Products 2.2.1 Pressing Extraction Process 2.2.2 Centrifugation Extraction Process 2.2.3 Percolation Extraction Process (Sinolea) 2.3 Compositions of Olive Mill Wastewater 2.3.1 General Compositions 2.3.2 Chemical Compositions 2.3.3 Structure and Recovery 2.4 Environmental Impacts 2.5 Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment Methods 2.5.1 Physicochemical Processes 2.5.2 Oxidation and Advanced Oxidation Presses 2.5.3 Biological Processes 2.5.4 Combined Processes 2.6 Applications of Olive Oil By-Products 2.6.1 Land and Agriculture Application 2.6.2 Production of Dietary Fiber for Food and Animal Feed 2.6.3 Pharmaceutical Industry 2.6.4 Cosmetic Industry 2.6.5 Production of Bioenergy and Biofuels 2.6.6 Biopolymers and Enzyme Production 2.6.7 Other Uses 2.7 Conclusion References 3 Valuable Materials from Olive Mill Wastewater 3.1 Olive Oil Production 3.1.1 Production and Properties of OMW 3.1.2 Environmental Impacts of OMW 3.1.3 Agricultural Impacts 3.1.4 The Effect of OMW on Gene Expression Activity 3.2 Solutions 3.2.1 Biological Treatment 3.2.2 Physicochemical Treatment 3.2.3 Thermochemical Treatment 3.2.4 Integrated Treatment 3.3 Valorization of Valuable Materials from OMW 3.4 Antioxidant Activity 3.5 Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity 3.6 Utilization of OMW in Agricultural Applications 3.7 Green Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles (NPs) from OMW 3.8 Summary and Future Perspectives References 4 Present and Future Perspectives on the Use of Olive-Oil Mill Wastewater in Food Applications 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Meat and Meat Products Preservation 4.3 Milk and Milk Products 4.4 Functional and Fermented Beverage 4.5 Oil/Fat/Emulsion Stability 4.6 Bakery Products 4.7 Active Ingredients as Pectin and Food Packaging Materials 4.8 High Value-Added Microbial Products 4.9 Conclusion and Perspectives References 5 Olive Mill Wastewater Bioactive Molecules: Applications in Animal Farming 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The “In Vitro” Actions of the OMWW Bioactive Molecules 5.2.1 Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities 5.2.2 Antimicrobial/Prebiotic Activities 5.2.3 Other In Vitro Activities 5.3 Effects of OMWW Bioactive Molecules in Animal Husbandry 5.3.1 Effects of OMWW Bioactive Molecules on Terrestrial Species of Zootechnical Interest 5.3.2 OMWW Bioactive Molecules: Aquacultural Potential 5.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives References 6 Physicochemical Characterization and Estimation of the Pollution Degree of Olive Oil Mill Wastewaters from the Cold Extraction System and the Traditional System 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Olive Oil Extraction Processes 6.2.1 Basic Process or Press System (Most Common System) 6.2.2 Continuous Process (Centrifugation System) 6.2.3 Refining 6.3 Olive Oil Mill Wastewater (OMW) 6.4 Physicochemical Properties of OMW 6.5 Comparison Between Physicochemical Characterizations of Olive Oil Mill Wastewaters from the Cold Extraction System and the Traditional System 6.6 Conclusion References 7 Open Ponds for Effluent Storage, a Pertinent Issue to Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) Management in a Circular Economy Context: Benefits and Environmental Impact 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Olive Mill Wastewater: The Main Olive Oil Industry Polluting By-Product 7.3 OMW: Physicochemical Composition and Characterization 7.4 Disposal and Management of OMW in Open-Ponds Storage 7.4.1 Processes and Environmental Impact 7.4.2 OMW Storage in Open Ponds: Valorisation Process in a Circular Economy Context 7.4.3 Main Recovered Biomolecules Promoting Health Qualifications 7.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects References 8 Management of Olive Oil Mill Wastewater in Morocco 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Olive Sector in Morocco 8.3 The Olive Oil Extraction Process 8.4 Characterization of OMW 8.5 Environmental Issues of OMW in Morocco 8.6 OMW Treatment Techniques 8.7 Valorization of OMW 8.8 Conclusion References 9 Changes in Olive Mill Waste Water Management in Turkey 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Options for Solution 9.3 Conclusion and Comments References 10 Future Trends in Olive Industry Waste Management: A Literature Review 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Materials and Methods 10.3 Results 10.3.1 Olive Mill Wastewaters and Treatment 10.3.2 Olive Solid Wastes, Utilization and Treatment 10.3.3 Beneficial Uses of Olive Agro-industry Wastes 10.3.4 Biotechnological Pathways and Conversions into High‐Added Value Products 10.3.5 Agricultural Uses of Olive Wastes 10.3.6 Table Olive Processes and Wastes 10.3.7 Waste Minimization Practices and Biorefineries for the Olive Agro-industry 10.3.8 Beneficial Uses of Olive Biomass Streams in a Conceptual Olive Biorefinery 10.4 Conclusions References