Energy Transition in Brazil

Description

The book's objective is to present the energy transition process in Brazil over time and offer new perspectives on this process in the eyes of a sustainable future. The book unfolds over 15 chapters covering historical, geopolitical, technological, and economical aspects, as well as aspects conceptually familiar to the energy transition such as public perception, low-carbon technologies, digitalization, Sustainable Development Goals, and even recent topics such as the pandemic of COVID-19. The Brazilian electricity and transport sectors and climate change governance are the main focus of this book. The paths taken throughout this book demonstrate the particularities of Brazil and present this country in a unique and differentiated way in terms of the various approaches to the energy transition. It is a book that brings a multidisciplinary, innovative vision and information published for the first time. Foreword Introduction Contents 1 Energy Transition: Changing the Brazilian Landscape Over Time Introduction The Demand and Exploration of Brazilian Energy Resources We Need Energy! The Transformation of the Landscape: Opening Roads and Building Hydroelectric Brazil After the Oil Crisis: Moving Away from Oil Dependence? Final Remarks: What Does the Energy Transition from the Past Teach Us? References 2 Knowledge Mapping: A Review of the Energy Transition Applied to Brazil Introduction Mapping Brazilian Energy Transition Knowledge Brazilian Energy Transition for Whom, Where and When Knowledge Growth of Energy Transition Applied to Brazil An Analysis of the Research Area and Main Journals of ET Content Producing Regions and Countries Institutions, Funding Agencies, and Authors Keywords Clustering Energy Transition Knowledge Evolution in the Brazilian Scenario Final Remarks References 3 Geopolitical Losses and Gains from the Pathways of the Energy Transition in Brazil Introduction Energy Geopolitics: A Brief Overview Energy as a Source of Power and Conflict Oil Hegemon and Slow Decline Energy Transition as a Soft Power Instrument Brazil’s Role in Energy Geopolitics Internal Scenario: The Brazilian Energy Supply Mix Energy’s Role in Brazil’s International Relations Brazil’s Main Geopolitical Assets and Structural Gaps Will Brazil Gain or Lose with the Energy Transition? Possible Scenarios for Brazil What Will Be the Next Scenario? Conclusion References 4 Democracy and Energy Justice: A Look at the Brazilian Electricity Sector Introduction An Introduction About the Concept of Energy Democracy and Related Terms Understanding the Concept of Energy Justice Democracy and Electricity in Brazil Is the Brazilian Electrical Supply Mix Sustainable? Access and Electricity Cost in Brazil The Power Blackout in the State of Amapá—A Case Study Conclusion References 5 Social Acceptance and Perceptions of Energy Transition Technologies in Brazil Introduction Case Studies Selection Wind Power Case Studies in Brazil Solar Power Case Studies in Brazil Carbon Capture and Storage Case Studies in Brazil Discussion and Final Remarks References 6 Digitalization in the Brazilian Electricity Sector Introduction Digitalization and Energy Transition Digitalization Technologies Digitalization and the Energy Transition to a Low-Carbon System Digitalization Initiatives for the Electricity Sector in Brazil Governmental Initiatives Research and Development Initiatives Conclusion References 7 Regulatory Pathways for the Decentralisation of the Brazilian Electricity System Introduction The Brazilian Electricity System and the Relevance of Decentralisation Decentralised Energy Systems Distributed Generation as a Decentralisation Vector Distributed Generation Development in Brazil The Future of DG in the Brazilian Electricity Grid Conclusion References 8 Brazilian Natural Gas as a Low-Carbon Energy Transition Resource Introduction Brief Remarks on Natural Gas Development in Brazil Supply and Demand for Natural Gas in Brazil The Future of Natural Gas in Brazil Energy Transition in Brazil and the Role of Natural Gas Conclusions References 9 Possibilities for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage in Brazil Introduction An Overview of Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies Emissions and Possibilities for CCUS and BECCUS in Brazil Capture Transport Utilization Storage Legal, Economic, and Political Aspects Final Remarks References 10 Hydrogen: A Brazilian Outlook Introduction Bases of Hydrogen Strategy in Brazil Brazilian Power Sector and Perspectives of Green Hydrogen Production and Storage Challenges and Opportunities of Power-to-Hydrogen Potential Power-to-X Solutions Using Green Hydrogen Conclusion References 11 The Future of Diesel: Paths and New Alternatives to Energy Security and Sustainability Introduction The Diesel Oil Scenario The Development of the Diesel Regime in Brazil Dependence on Diesel Oil Imports New Oil Fuels Pricing Policy and Truckers’ Strike Biodiesel Adoption in Brazil Biodiesel Characterization and First Adoption in Brazil Addition of Biodiesel to Diesel Production, Commercialization, and Distribution of Biodiesel New Potential Fuels Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Hydrogen Green Diesel The Potential Fuel Supply Mix Conclusion References 12 Trends and Prospects for Transport Fuel Consumption in Brazil Introduction The Fuel Consumption in Brazilian Road Transport Vehicle Pollution Control Measures Energy Sources for Transport Structure of Emission and Predictive Model Calculation Study Design National Energy Balance—BEN Emissions Analysis Regression Predictive Model Limitations Emissions Values for 1970–2030 and Perspectives for Energy Consumption for 2020–2030 Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emissions from 1970 to 2019 Predict Energy Consumption and Emissions from 2020 to 2030 Paths to Zero Emission in Brazilian Road Transport Conclusions References 13 How Can Renewable Natural Gas Boost Sustainable Energy in Brazil? Introduction Literature Review How Can Renewable Natural Gas Boost Sustainable Energy in Brazil? Policy Implications Conclusions References 14 The Main Challenges of the Brazilian Energy Governance for the Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change Introduction Climate Action and Sustainable Development International Context Brazilian Context Methodology SWOT Analysis GUT Analysis: Priority Analysis The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the Brazilian Energy Planning The Important Challenges Final Remarks References 15 Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Brazilian Energy Sector Introduction COVID-19 and the Energy Sector in Brazil Social Distancing Data Emission Data Income Data Power Sector Consumption Reflections on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic Final Considerations References