Riverbank Filtration: Improving Source-Water Quality

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Chittaranjan Ray, Ph. D. , P. E. University of Hawaii at Mãnoa Honolulu, Hawaii, United States Jürgen Schubert, M. Sc. Stadtwerke Düsseldorf AG Düsseldorf, Germany Ronald B. Linsky National Water Research Institute Fountain Valley, California, United States Gina Melin National Water Research Institute Fountain Valley, California, United States 1. What is Riverbank Filtration? The purpose ofthis book is to show that riverbank filtration (RBF) isa low-cost and efficient alternative water treatment for drinking-water applications. There are two immediate benefits to the increased use of RBF: Minimized need for adding chemicals like disinfectants and coagulants to surface water to control pathogens. Decreased costs to the community without increased risk to human health. Butwhat,exactly, isRBF? In humid regions, river water naturally percolates through the ground into aquifers (which are layers of sand and gravel that contain water underground) during high-flow conditions. In arid regions, most rivers lose flow, and the percolating water passes through soil and aquifer material until it reaches the water table. During these percolation processes, potential contaminants present in river water are filtered and attenuated. If there are no other contaminants present in the aquifer or ifthe respective contaminants are present at lower concentrations, the quality of water in the aquifer can be ofhigher quality than that found in theriver. In RBF, production wells — which are placed near the banks ofrivers —pump large quantities ofwater. Introduction....Pages 1-15 Front Matter....Pages 17-17 Conceptual Design of Riverbank Filtration Systems....Pages 19-27 American Experience in Installing Horizontal Collector Wells....Pages 29-34 German Experience with Riverbank Filtration Systems....Pages 35-48 Riverbank Filtration Construction Options Considered at Louisville, Kentucky....Pages 49-59 Operation and Maintenance Considerations....Pages 61-70 Front Matter....Pages 71-71 Removal of Pathogens, Surrogates, Indicators, and Toxins Using Riverbank Filtration....Pages 73-116 Riverbank Filtration Case Study at Louisville, Kentucky....Pages 117-145 Reduction in Disinfection Byproduct Precursors and Pathogens During Riverbank Filtration at Three Midwestern United States Drinking-Water Utilities....Pages 147-173 Occurrence, Characteristics, Transport, and Fate of Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals, Industrial Products, and Personal Care Products at Riverbank Filtration Sites....Pages 175-227 Effectiveness of Riverbank Filtration Sites to Mitigate Shock Loads....Pages 229-259 Riverbank Filtration as a Pretreatment for Nanofiltration Membranes....Pages 261-265 Water-Quality Improvements with Riverbank Filtration at Düsseldorf Waterworks in Germany....Pages 267-277 Front Matter....Pages 279-279 Infiltration Rate Variability and Research Needs....Pages 281-290 Siting and Design Issues for Riverbank Filtration Schemes....Pages 291-302 Natural Organic Matter Removal During Riverbank Filtration: Current Knowledge and Research Needs....Pages 303-309 Research Needs to Improve the Understanding of Riverbank Filtration for Pathogenic Microorganism Removal....Pages 311-319 Organic Chemical Removal Issues....Pages 321-330