Global marketing

Description

Cover Title Page Contents Preface Acknowledgments Part one Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction to Global Marketing Introduction and Overview Principles of Marketing: A Review Competitive Advantage, Globalization, and Global Industries Global Marketing: What It Is and What It Isn’t The Importance of Global Marketing Management Orientations Ethnocentric Orientation Polycentric Orientation Regiocentric Orientation Geocentric Orientation Forces Affecting Global Integration and Global Marketing Multilateral Trade Agreements Converging Market Needs and Wants Transportation and Communication Improvements Product Development Costs Quality World Economic Trends Leverage Experience Transfers Scale Economies Resource Utilization Global Strategy Restraining Forces Management Myopia and Organizational Culture National Controls Opposition to Globalization Outline of This Book Part two The Global Marketing Environment Chapter 2 The Global Economic Environment The World Economy—An Overview Economic Systems Market Capitalism Centrally Planned Socialism Centrally Planned Capitalism and Market Socialism Stages of Market Development Low-Income Countries Lower-Middle-Income Countries Upper-Middle-Income Countries Marketing Opportunities in LDCs and Developing Countries High-Income Countries The Triad Marketing Implications of the Stages of Development Balance of Payments Trade in Merchandise and Services Overview of International Finance Economic Exposure Managing Exchange Rate Exposure Chapter 3 The Global Trade Environment The World Trade Organization and GATT Preferential Trade Agreements Free Trade Area Customs Union Common Market Economic Union North America Latin America: SICA, Andean Community, Mercosur, and CARICOM Central American Integration System Andean Community Common Market of the South (Mercosur) Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) Current Trade-Related Issues Asia-Pacific: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Marketing Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region Western, Central, and Eastern Europe The European Union (EU) Marketing Issues in the EU The Middle East Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf Marketing Issues in the Middle East Africa Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) East African Community Southern African Development Community (SADC) Marketing Issues in Africa Chapter 4 Social and Cultural Environments Society, Culture, and Global Consumer Culture Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values Religion Aesthetics Dietary Preferences Language and Communication Marketing’s Impact on Culture High-and Low-Context Cultures Hofstede’s Cultural Typology The Self-Reference Criterion and Perception Diffusion Theory The Adoption Process Characteristics of Innovations Adopter Categories Diffusion of Innovations in Pacific Rim Countries Marketing Implications of Social and Cultural Environments Chapter 5 T he Political, Legal, and Regulatory The Political Environment Nation-States and Sovereignty Political Risk Taxes Seizure of Assets International Law Common Law Versus Civil Law Islamic Law Sidestepping Legal Problems: Important Business Issues Jurisdiction Intellectual Property: Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights Antitrust Licensing and Trade Secrets Bribery and Corruption: Legal and Ethical Issues Conflict Resolution, Dispute Settlement, and Litigation Alternatives to Litigation for Dispute Settlement The Regulatory Environment Regional Economic Organizations: The EU Example Part three Approaching Global Markets Chapter 6 Global Information Systems and Market Research Information Technology and Business Sources of Market Information Formal Market Research Step 1: Information Requirement Step 2: Problem Definition Step 3: Choose Unit of Analysis Step 4: Examine Data Availability Step 5: Assess Value of Research Step 6: Research Design Issues in Data Collection Research Methodologies Scale Development Sampling Step 7: Data Analysis Comparative Analysis and Market Estimation by Analogy Step 8: Interpretation and Presentation Headquarters’ Control of Market Research The Marketing Information System as a Strategic Asset Chapter 7 Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Global Market Segmentation Contrasting Views of Global Segmentation Demographic Segmentation Segmenting Global Markets by Income and Population Age Segmentation Gender Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation Behavior Segmentation Benefit Segmentation Ethnic Segmentation Assessing Market Potential and Choosing Target Markets or Segments Current Segment Size and Growth Potential Potential Competition Feasibility and Compatibility A Framework for Selecting Target Markets Product-Market Decisions Targeting and Target Market Strategy Options Standardized Global Marketing Concentrated Global Marketing Differentiated Global Marketing Positioning Attribute or Benefit Quality and Price Use or User Competition Global, Foreign, and Local Consumer Culture Positioning Chapter 8 Importing, Exporting, and Sourcing Export Selling and Export Marketing: A Comparison Organizational Export Activities National Policies Governing Exports and Imports Government Programs That Support Exports Governmental Actions to Discourage Imports Tariff Systems Customs Duties Other Duties and Import Charges Key Export Participants Organizing for Exporting in the Manufacturer’s Country Organizing for Exporting in the Market Country Trade Financing and Methods of Payment Documentary Credit Documentary Collections (Sight or Time Drafts) Cash in Advance Sales on Open Account Additional Export and Import Issues Sourcing Management Vision Factor Costs and Conditions Customer Needs Logistics Country Infrastructure Political Factors Foreign Exchange Rates Chapter 9 Global Market-Entry Strategies: Licensing, Investment, and Strategic Licensing Special Licensing Arrangements Investment Joint Ventures Investment via Equity Stake or Full Ownership Global Strategic Partnerships The Nature of Global Strategic Partnerships Success Factors Alliances with Asian Competitors CFM International, GE, and Snecma: A Success Story Boeing and Japan: A Controversy International Partnerships in Developing Countries Cooperative Strategies in Asia Cooperative Strategies in Japan: Keiretsu How Keiretsu Affect American Business: Two Examples Cooperative Strategies in South Korea: Chaebol Twenty-First-Century Cooperative Strategies Market Expansion Strategies Part four The Global Marketing Mix Chapter 10 Brand and Product Decisions in Global Marketing Basic Product Concepts Product Types Product Warranties Packaging Labeling Aesthetics Basic Branding Concepts Local Products and Brands International Products and Brands Global Products and Brands Global Brand Development A Needs-Based Approach to Product Planning “Country of Origin” as Brand Element Extend, Adapt, Create: Strategic Alternatives in Global Strategy 1: Product-Communication Extension (Dual Extension) Strategy 2: Product Extension–Communication Adaptation Strategy 3: Product Adaptation–Communication Extension Strategy 4: Product-Communication Adaptation (Dual Adaptation) Strategy 5: Innovation How to Choose a Strategy New Products in Global Marketing Identifying New-Product Ideas New-Product Development The International New-Product Department Testing New Products Chapter 11 Pricing Decisions Basic Pricing Concepts Global Pricing Objectives and Strategies Market Skimming and Financial Objectives Penetration Pricing and Nonfinancial Objectives Companion Products: Captive Pricing, a/k/a Target Costing Calculating Prices: Cost-Plus Pricing and Export Environmental Influences on Pricing Decisions Currency Fluctuations Inflationary Environment Government Controls, Subsidies, and Regulations Competitive Behavior Using Sourcing as a Strategic Pricing Tool Global Pricing: Three Policy Alternatives Extension or Ethnocentric Pricing Adaptation or Polycentric Pricing Geocentric Pricing Gray Market Goods Dumping Price Fixing Transfer Pricing Tax Regulations and Transfer Prices Sales of Tangible and Intangible Property Countertrade Barter Counterpurchase Offset Compensation Trading Switch Trading Chapter 12 Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution Distribution Channels: Objectives, Terminology, and Structure Consumer Products and Services Industrial Products Establishing Channels and Working with Channel Global Retailing Types of Retail Operations Trends in Global Retailing Global Retailing Market Expansion Strategies Physical Distribution, Supply Chains, and Logistics Order Processing Warehousing Inventory Management Transportation Logistics Management: A Brief Case Study Chapter 13 Global Marketing Communications Decisions I: Global Advertising Global Advertising Content: Standardization Advertising Agencies: Organizations and Brands Selecting an Advertising Agency Creating Global Advertising Art Direction and Art Directors Copy and Copywriters Cultural Considerations Global Media Decisions Global Advertising Expenditures and Media Vehicles Media Decisions Public Relations and Publicity The Growing Role of PR in Global Marketing How PR Practices Differ Around the World Chapter 14 Global Marketing Communications Decisions II: Sales Promotion Sampling Couponing Sales Promotion: Issues and Problems Personal Selling The Strategic/Consultative Selling Model Sales Force Nationality Special Forms of Marketing Communications: Direct Direct Mail Catalogs Infomercials, Teleshopping, and Interactive Support Media Sponsorship Product Placement: Motion Pictures, Television Shows Chapter 15 Global Marketing and the Digital Revolution The Digital Revolution: A Brief History Convergence Value Networks and Disruptive Technologies Global E-Commerce Web Site Design and Implementation New Products and Services Broadband Cloud Computing Smartphones Mobile Advertising and Mobile Commerce Mobile Music Mobile Gaming Internet Phone Service Digital Books and Electronic Reading Part five Strategy and Leadership in the Twenty-First Century Chapter 16 Strategic Elements of Competitive Industry Analysis: Forces Influencing Competition Threat of New Entrants Threat of Substitute Products Bargaining Power of Buyers Bargaining Power of Suppliers Rivalry Among Competitors Competitive Advantage Generic Strategies for Creating Competitive Broad Market Strategies: Cost Leadership and Differentiation Narrow Target Strategies: Cost Focus and Focused Differentiation The Flagship Firm: The Business Network with Five Partners Creating Competitive Advantage via Strategic Intent Layers of Advantage Loose Bricks Changing the Rules Collaborating Global Competition and National Competitive Advantage Factor Conditions Human Resources Physical Resources Knowledge Resources Capital Resources Infrastructure Resources Demand Conditions Composition of Home Demand Size and Pattern of Growth of Home Demand Rapid Home-Market Growth Means by Which a Nation’s Products and Services Related and Supporting Industries Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry Chance Government Current Issues in Competitive Advantage Hypercompetitive Industries Cost/Quality Timing and Know-How Entry Barriers Additional Research on Comparative Advantage Chapter 17 Leadership, Organization, and Corporate Social Responsibility Leadership Top Management Nationality Leadership and Core Competence Organizing for Global Marketing Patterns of International Organizational Development International Division Structure Regional Management Centers Geographical and Product Division Structures The Matrix Design Lean Production: Organizing the Japanese Way Assembler Value Chains Downstream Value Chains Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Social Glossary Author/Name Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Subject/Organization Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z