Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical)

Description

Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022! Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Single Volume), 15th Edition  Keeping tomorrow’s nurses at the forefront of today’s changing healthcare environment, Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 15th Edition delivers the most comprehensive resource available for nursing students in the medical-surgical course. This bestselling text is designed for the way students like to learn, combining a highly readable approach with engaging case studies and learning tools to help students explore essential patient care practices in real-world terms and gain a more practical understanding of how they’ll apply what they’ve learned in practice. Trusted by instructors, students, and practicing nurses for nearly 60 years, this landmark resource has been comprehensively updated for the 15th Edition to reflect the latest research, evidence-based practices, settings, issues, ethical challenges, and concerns of today’s healthcare practice. Complete integration with Lippincott® CoursePoint+ allows you to easily map out your entire course, provide personalized student remediation, and simulate real-world nursing scenarios involving patients mentioned in vignettes in the text, giving your students unparalleled preparation for success in the medical-surgical nursing workforce.   Also Available as a two-volume set (978-1-9751-6828-5)    Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Contributors Reviewers Preface User’s Guide Contents Case Studies in This Book Special Charts in This Book UNIT 1: Principles of Nursing Practice Chapter 1: Professional Nursing Practice Nursing The Patient: Consumer of Nursing and Health Care The Patient’s Basic Needs: Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Health Wellness Health Promotion Health Care Influences on Health Care Delivery Population Demographics Changing Patterns of Disease and Wellness Advances in Technology and Genetics Quality, Safety, and Evidence-Based Practice Interprofessional Collaborative Practice The Practice of Nursing Critical Thinking The Nursing Process Ethical Nursing Care Chapter 2: Medical-Surgical Nursing The Practice of Nursing in Today’s Health Care Delivery System Medical-Surgical Nursing The Nurse as Coordinator of Care Transitions Critical-Care Nursing Rehabilitation Nursing • Nursing Process: The Patient with Self-Care Deficits in Activities of Daily Living • Nursing Process: The Patient with Impaired Physical Mobility Home Health Nursing Discharge Planning for Transition to the Community or Home Care Setting Continuing the Transition through Community Resources and Referrals Chapter 3: Health Education and Health Promotion Purpose of Health Education Meeting Nursing Standards Supporting Informed Decision Making and Self-Care Promoting Adherence to the Therapeutic Regimen The Nature of Teaching and Learning Learning Readiness The Learning Environment Teaching Techniques and Resources The Nursing Process in Patient Education Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation Health Promotion Definition Health Promotion Models Components of Health Promotion Health Promotion Strategies Throughout the Lifespan Adolescents Young and Middle-Aged Adults Gerontologic Considerations Nursing Implications of Health Promotion Chapter 4: Adult Health and Physical, Nutritional, and Cultural Assessment The Role of the Nurse Conducting a Health Assessment Effective Communication Cultural Concepts Cultural Competence Ethical Use of Health Assessment Data The Role of Technology Assessment in the Home or Community Health History The Informant Components of the Health History Physical Assessment Examination Considerations Components of the Physical Examination Nutritional Assessment Lifespan Considerations Components of Nutritional Assessment Factors Influencing Nutritional Status in Various Situations Analysis of Nutritional Status Cultural Assessment Culturally Mediated Considerations Chapter 5: Stress and Inflammatory Responses Fundamental Concepts Constancy and Homeostasis Stress and Adaptation Overview of Stress Types of Stressors Stress as a Stimulus for Disease Psychological Responses to Stress Physiologic Response to Stress Maladaptive Responses to Stress Indicators of Stress Stress at the Cellular Level Control of the Steady State Cellular Adaptation Cellular Injury Cellular Response to Injury: Inflammation Cellular Healing Nursing Management Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle Enhancing Coping Strategies Educating About Relaxation Techniques Educating About Stress Management Promoting Family Health Enhancing Social Support Recommending Support and Therapy Groups The Role of Stress in Health Patterns Chapter 6: Genetics and Genomics in Nursing Genomic Framework for Nursing Practice Integrating Genetic and Genomic Knowledge Genes and Their Role in Human Variation Inheritance Patterns Chromosomal Differences and Genetic Conditions Genetic and Genomic Technologies in Practice Genetic Testing Genetic Screening Population Screening Testing and Screening for Adult-Onset Conditions Single Gene Conditions Genomic Conditions The Nursing Role in Testing and Screening for Adult-Onset Conditions Personalized Genomic Treatments Pharmacogenomics Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Surrounding Genetics Ethical Concerns Legal Aspects of Personalized Health Care Ancestry, Cultural, Social, and Spiritual Concerns Related to Genetic and Genomic Practice Applications of Genetics and Genomics in Nursing Practice Genetics and Genomics in Health Assessment Genetic Counseling and Evaluation Services Genetics and Genomics Tomorrow Chapter 7: Disability and Chronic Illness Disability Definitions of Disability Prevalence of Disability Characteristics of Disability Federal Legislation Right of Access to Health Care Barriers to Health Care Federal Assistance Programs Nursing Care of Patients with Disability Nursing Considerations during Hospitalization Health Promotion and Prevention Significance of “People-First” Language Gerontologic Considerations Disability in Medical-Surgical Nursing Practice Home, Community-Based, and Transitional Care Chronic Disease and Chronic Illness Multiple Chronic Conditions Health Disparities and Chronic Disease Definitions of Chronic Diseases or Conditions Prevalence and Causes of Chronic Conditions Prevention of Chronic Disease Characteristics of Chronic Conditions Implications of Managing Chronic Conditions Veterans Considerations Gerontologic Considerations Nursing Care of Patients with Chronic Conditions Home, Community-Based, and Transitional Care Nursing Care for Special Populations with Chronic Illness Chapter 8: Management of the Older Adult Patient Overview of Aging Demographics of Aging Health Status of the Older Adult Nursing Care of the Older Adult Theories of Aging Age-Related Changes Physical Aspects of Aging Psychosocial Aspects of Aging Cognitive Aspects of Aging Pharmacologic Aspects of Aging Mental Health Problems in the Older Adult Depression Substance Use Disorder Delirium Alzheimer’s Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Vascular Dementia Additional Aspects of Health Care of the Older Adult Geriatric Syndromes Elder Neglect and Abuse Social Services Health Care Costs of Aging Home Health Care Hospice Services Aging with a Disability Ethical and Legal Issues Affecting the Older Adult UNIT 2: Concepts and Principles of Patient Management Chapter 9: Pain Management Fundamental Concepts Definition of Pain Effects of Pain Types and Categories of Pain Pain Assessment Performing the Comprehensive Pain Assessment: Patient Interview Reassessing Pain Pain Management Pharmacologic Management of Pain: Multimodal Analgesia Nonpharmacologic Methods of Pain Management Nursing Implications of Pain Management Chapter 10: Fluid and Electrolytes Fundamental Concepts Amount and Composition of Body Fluids Regulation of Fluid within the Body Compartments Systemic Routes of Gains and Losses Laboratory Tests for Evaluating Fluid Status Homeostatic Mechanisms Gerontologic Considerations Fluid Volume Disturbances Hypovolemia Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Hypervolemia Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Electrolyte Imbalances Sodium Imbalances Sodium Deficit (Hyponatremia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Sodium Excess (Hypernatremia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Potassium Imbalances Potassium Deficit (Hypokalemia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Potassium Excess (Hyperkalemia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Calcium Imbalances Calcium Deficit (Hypocalcemia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Calcium Excess (Hypercalcemia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Magnesium Imbalances Magnesium Deficit (Hypomagnesemia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Magnesium Excess (Hypermagnesemia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Phosphorus Imbalances Phosphorus Deficit (Hypophosphatemia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Phosphorus Excess (Hyperphosphatemia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chloride Imbalances Chloride Deficit (Hypochloremia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chloride Excess (Hyperchloremia) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Acid–Base Disturbances Acute and Chronic Metabolic Acidosis (Base Bicarbonate Deficit) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Acute and Chronic Metabolic Alkalosis (Base Bicarbonate Excess) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Acute and Chronic Respiratory Acidosis (Carbonic Acid Excess) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Acute and Chronic Respiratory Alkalosis (Carbonic Acid Deficit) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Mixed Acid–Base Disorders Compensation Blood Gas Analysis Parenteral Fluid Therapy Purpose Types of Intravenous Solutions Isotonic Fluids Hypotonic Fluids Hypertonic Fluids Other Intravenous Therapies Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Intravenous Therapy Managing Systemic Complications Managing Local Complications Promoting Home, Community-Based, and Transitional Care Chapter 11: Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Overview of Shock Normal Cellular Function Pathophysiology Stages of Shock Compensatory Stage Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Progressive Stage Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Irreversible Stage Medical Management Nursing Management General Management Strategies in Shock Fluid Replacement Vasoactive Medication Therapy Nutritional Support Hypovolemic Shock Pathophysiology Medical Management Nursing Management Cardiogenic Shock Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Distributive Shock Sepsis and Septic Shock Pathophysiology Medical Management Nursing Management Neurogenic Shock Medical Management Nursing Management Anaphylactic Shock Medical Management Nursing Management Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Promoting Home, Community-Based, and Transitional Care Educating Patients About Self-Care Continuing and Transitional Care Chapter 12: Management of Patients with Oncologic Disorders Epidemiology Pathophysiology of the Malignant Process Carcinogenesis Proliferative Patterns Role of the Immune System Detection and Prevention of Cancer Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention Diagnosis of Cancer Tumor Staging and Grading Anatomic Stage Group Management of Cancer Surgery Diagnostic Surgery Surgery as Primary Treatment Prophylactic Surgery Palliative Surgery Reconstructive Surgery Nursing Management Radiation Therapy Radiation Dosage Administration of Radiation Toxicity Nursing Management Protecting Caregivers Chemotherapy Cell Kill and the Cell Cycle Classification of Chemotherapeutic Agents Adjunct Chemotherapeutic Agents Administration of Chemotherapeutic Agents Nursing Management Protecting Caregivers Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Types of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Nursing Management Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy Immunotherapy Targeted Therapies Nursing Management Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Health Therapies COVID-19 Considerations Nursing Care of the Patient with Cancer Maintaining Tissue Integrity Promoting Nutrition Relieving Pain Decreasing Fatigue Improving Body Image and Self-Esteem Addressing Sexuality Assisting in the Grieving Process Management of Psychosocial Distress Monitoring and Managing Potential Complications Promoting Home, Community-Based, and Transitional Care Gerontologic Considerations Cancer Survivorship Providing Care to the Patient with Advanced Cancer Chapter 13: Palliative and End-of-Life Care Palliative Care and End-of-Life Care The Evolution of End-of-Life Care Settings for Palliative Care and End-of-Life Care Institution-Based Palliative Care Outpatient-Based Palliative Care Community-Based Palliative Care Hospice Care Communication in Palliative Care Advanced Care Planning Symptom Assessment and Management Expected Physiologic Changes Time of Death Providing Psychosocial and Spiritual Support Hope and Meaning in Illness Providing Culturally Sensitive Care at the End-of-Life Spiritual Care Grief, Mourning, and Bereavement Special Issues for the Nurse in End-of-Life Care Medically Administered Nutrition and Hydration Palliative Sedation at the End-of-Life Clinicians’ Attitudes toward Death Patient and Family Concerns Professional Caregiver Issues Supporting Ourselves UNIT 3: Perioperative Concepts and Nursing Management Chapter 14: Preoperative Nursing Management Perioperative Nursing Advances in Surgical and Anesthesia Approaches Surgical Classifications Preadmission Testing Special Considerations during the Perioperative Period Gerontologic Considerations Bariatric Patients Patients with Disability Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery Required Preoperative Documents Preoperative Assessment Nutritional and Fluid Status Dentition Drug or Alcohol Use Respiratory Status Cardiovascular Status Hepatic and Renal Function Endocrine Function Immune Function Previous Medication Use Psychosocial Factors Spiritual and Cultural Beliefs Preoperative Nursing Interventions Providing Patient Education Providing Psychosocial Interventions Maintaining Patient Safety Managing Nutrition and Fluids Preparing the Bowel Preparing the Skin Immediate Preoperative Nursing Interventions Administering Medication Maintaining the Preoperative Record Preoperative Patient Warming Attending to Family Needs Expected Patient Outcomes Chapter 15: Intraoperative Nursing Management The Surgical Team The Patient The Circulating Nurse The Scrub Role The Surgeon The Registered Nurse First Assistant The Anesthesiologist and CRNA Safety and Infection Prevention The Surgical Environment Prevention of OR Fires Surgical Attire Principles of Surgical Asepsis and Sterile Technique Health Hazards Associated with the Surgical Environment Robotics The Surgical Experience Types of Anesthesia and Sedation Potential Intraoperative Complications Anesthesia Awareness Nausea and Vomiting Anaphylaxis Hypoxia and Other Respiratory Complications Hypothermia Malignant Hyperthermia Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management • Nursing Process: The Patient during Surgery Chapter 16: Postoperative Nursing Management Care of the Patient in the Postanesthesia Care Unit Phases of Postanesthesia Care Admitting the Patient to the Postanesthesia Care Unit Nursing Management in the Postanesthesia Care Unit Preparing the Postoperative Patient for Direct Discharge Care of the Hospitalized Postoperative Patient Receiving the Patient in the Clinical Unit Nursing Management After Surgery • Nursing Process: The Hospitalized Patient Recovering from Surgery UNIT 4: Gas Exchange and Respiratory Function Chapter 17: Assessment of Respiratory Function Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anatomy of the Respiratory System Function of the Respiratory System Gerontologic Considerations Assessment Health History Physical Assessment of the Respiratory System Assessment of Respiratory Function in the Patient Who Is Acutely or Critically Ill Diagnostic Evaluation Pulmonary Function Tests Arterial Blood Gas Studies Venous Blood Gas Studies Pulse Oximetry End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Cultures Sputum Studies Imaging Studies Endoscopic Procedures Biopsy Chapter 18: Management of Patients with Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders Upper Airway Infections Rhinitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Viral Rhinitis (Common Cold) Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Rhinosinusitis Acute Rhinosinusitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Pharyngitis Acute Pharyngitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chronic Pharyngitis Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Tonsillitis and Adenoiditis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Peritonsillar Abscess Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Laryngitis Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Upper Airway Infection Obstruction and Trauma of the Upper Respiratory Airway Obstructive Sleep Apnea Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Epistaxis Medical Management Nursing Management Nasal Obstruction Medical Management Nursing Management Fractures of the Nose Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Laryngeal Obstruction Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Cancer of the Larynx Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing Laryngectomy Chapter 19: Management of Patients with Chest and Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders Inflammatory and Infectious Pulmonary Disorders Atelectasis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Management Acute Tracheobronchitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Pneumonia Classification Pathophysiology Risk Factors Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Gerontologic Considerations COVID-19 Considerations Complications • Nursing Process: The Patient with Bacterial Pneumonia Aspiration Pathophysiology Prevention Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission and Risk Factors Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Lung Abscess Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management Sarcoidosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Pleural Disorders Pleurisy Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Pleural Effusion Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Empyema Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Acute Respiratory Failure Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Receiving Mechanical Ventilation Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management COVID-19 Considerations Pulmonary Vascular Disorders Pulmonary Edema (Noncardiogenic) Pulmonary Hypertension Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Pulmonary Heart Disease (Cor Pulmonale) Pulmonary Embolism Occupational Lung Disease: Pneumoconioses Veterans Considerations Chest Tumors Lung Cancer (Bronchogenic Carcinoma) Pathophysiology Classification and Staging Risk Factors Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Surgical Management: Thoracotomy Nursing Management of the Patient Having a Thoracotomy Radiation Therapy Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Palliative Care Complications Nursing Management Gerontologic Considerations Tumors of the Mediastinum Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Chest Trauma Blunt Trauma Pathophysiology Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Sternal and Rib Fractures Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Flail Chest Pathophysiology Medical Management Pulmonary Contusion Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Penetrating Trauma Medical Management Pneumothorax Types of Pneumothorax Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Cardiac Tamponade Subcutaneous Emphysema Chapter 20: Management of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathophysiology Risk Factors Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Bronchiectasis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Asthma Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Status Asthmaticus Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management UNIT 5: Cardiovascular and Circulatory Function Chapter 21: Assessment of Cardiovascular Function Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anatomy of the Heart Function of the Heart Gerontologic Considerations Gender Considerations Assessment of the Cardiovascular System Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Laboratory Tests Chest X-Ray and Fluoroscopy Electrocardiography Cardiac Stress Testing Radionuclide Imaging Additional Imaging Echocardiography Cardiac Catheterization Electrophysiologic Testing Hemodynamic Monitoring Chapter 22: Management of Patients with Arrhythmias and Conduction Problems Arrhythmias Normal Electrical Conduction Influences on Heart Rate and Contractility The Electrocardiogram Obtaining an Electrocardiogram Components of the Electrocardiogram Analyzing the Electrocardiogram Rhythm Strip Determining Heart Rate from the Electrocardiogram Determining Heart Rhythm from the Electrocardiogram Normal Sinus Rhythm Types of Arrhythmias Sinus Node Arrhythmias Atrial Arrhythmias Junctional Arrhythmias Ventricular Arrhythmias Conduction Abnormalities • Nursing Process: The Patient with an Arrhythmia Adjunct Modalities and Management Cardioversion and Defibrillation Electrical Cardioversion Defibrillation Electrophysiology Studies Pacemaker Therapy Pacemaker Design and Types Pacemaker Generator Functions Complications of Pacemaker Use Pacemaker Surveillance Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Nursing Management Chapter 23: Management of Patients with Coronary Vascular Disorders Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Risk Factors Prevention Gender Angina Pectoris Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Angina Pectoris Acute Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Cardiac Rehabilitation • Nursing Process: The Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome Invasive Coronary Artery Procedures Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Coronary Artery Stent Complications Postprocedure Care Surgical Procedures: Coronary Artery Revascularization Traditional Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Alternative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Techniques Complications of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Nursing Management Chapter 24: Management of Patients with Structural, Infectious, and Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders Valvular Disorders Mitral Valve Prolapse Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Mitral Regurgitation Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Mitral Stenosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Aortic Regurgitation Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Aortic Stenosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management: Valvular Heart Disorders Surgical Management: Valve Repair and Replacement Procedures Valvuloplasty Commissurotomy Annuloplasty Leaflet Repair Valve Replacement Mechanical Valves Tissue Valves Nursing Management: Valvuloplasty and Valve Replacement Cardiomyopathy Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Surgical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Cardiomyopathy Infectious Diseases of the Heart Rheumatic Endocarditis Infective Endocarditis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Surgical Management Nursing Management Myocarditis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Pericarditis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Pericarditis Chapter 25: Management of Patients with Complications from Heart Disease Heart Failure Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Gerontologic Considerations • Nursing Process: The Patient with Heart Failure Complications from Heart Disease Cardiogenic Shock Thromboembolism Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Cardiac Arrest Clinical Manifestations Emergency Assessment and Management: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Chapter 26: Assessment and Management of Patients with Vascular Disorders and Problems of Peripheral Circulation Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anatomy of the Vascular System Function of the Vascular System Pathophysiology of the Vascular System Gerontologic Considerations Assessment of the Vascular System Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Doppler Ultrasound Flow Studies Exercise Testing Duplex Ultrasonography Computed Tomography Scanning Angiography Magnetic Resonance Angiography Contrast Phlebography (Venography) Lymphoscintigraphy Arterial Disorders Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology Risk Factors Prevention Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Peripheral Artery Disease Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Nursing Care of the Postoperative Patient Upper Extremity Arterial Disease Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Aortoiliac Disease Medical Management Nursing Management Aneurysms Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Other Aneurysms Aortic Dissection Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Arterial Embolism and Arterial Thrombosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Raynaud’s Phenomenon and Other Acrosyndromes Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Venous Disorders Venous Thromboembolism COVID-19 Considerations Pathophysiology Deep Vein Thrombosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management Pulmonary Embolism Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chronic Venous Insufficiency/Postthrombotic Syndrome Clinical Manifestations Complications Management Leg Ulcers Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Leg Ulcers Varicose Veins Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention and Medical Management Nursing Management Lymphatic Disorders Lymphangitis and Lymphadenitis Lymphedema Medical Management Nursing Management Cellulitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Chapter 27: Assessment and Management of Patients with Hypertension Hypertension Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Hypertension Hypertensive Crises Hypertensive Emergency Hypertensive Urgency UNIT 6: Hematologic Function Chapter 28: Assessment of Hematologic Function and Treatment Modalities Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Bone Marrow Blood Reticuloendothelial System (RES) Hemostasis Gerontologic Considerations Assessment Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Hematologic Studies Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy Therapeutic Approaches to Hematologic Disorders Splenectomy Therapeutic Apheresis Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Therapeutic Phlebotomy Blood Component Therapy Procuring Blood and Blood Products Blood Donation Directed Donation Standard Donation Autologous Donation Intraoperative Blood Salvage Hemodilution Complications of Blood Donation Blood Processing Transfusion Pretransfusion Assessment Patient Education Transfusion Procedures Complications Nursing Management of Transfusion Reactions Pharmacologic Alternatives to Blood Transfusions Chapter 29: Management of Patients with Nonmalignant Hematologic Disorders Anemia Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Gerontologic Considerations • Nursing Process: The Patient with Anemia Hypoproliferative Anemias Iron Deficiency Anemia Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Anemias in Renal Disease Anemia of Inflammation Aplastic Anemia Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Megaloblastic Anemias Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Hemolytic Anemias Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Sickle Cell Crisis Thalassemias Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Immune Hemolytic Anemias Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Hereditary Hemochromatosis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Polycythemia Secondary Polycythemia Management Neutropenia Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Lymphopenia Bleeding Disorders Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Thrombocytopenia Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Platelet Defects Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Inherited Bleeding Disorders Hemophilia Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Gerontologic Considerations von Willebrand Disease Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Acquired Bleeding Disorders Liver Disease Vitamin K Deficiency Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Secondary Thrombocytosis Thrombotic Disorders Hyperhomocysteinemia Antithrombin Deficiency Protein C Deficiency Protein S Deficiency Activated Protein C Resistance and Factor V Leiden Mutation Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome Malignancy Medical Management Nursing Management Chapter 30: Management of Patients with Hematologic Neoplasms Clonal Stem Cell Disorders Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Complications Nursing Management Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Veterans Considerations Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Acute Leukemia MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDSs) Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Polycythemia Vera Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Essential Thrombocythemia Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Primary Myelofibrosis Medical Management Nursing Management Lymphoma Hodgkin Lymphoma Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management MULTIPLE MYELOMA Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Complications Gerontologic Considerations Nursing Management UNIT 7: Immunologic Function Chapter 31: Assessment of Immune Function Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anatomy of the Immune System Function of the Immune System Advances in Immunology Genetic Engineering Stem Cells Cancer and Immunotherapy Assessment of the Immune System Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Nursing Management Chapter 32: Management of Patients with Immune Deficiency Disorders PRIMARY IMMUNE DEFICIENCIES DISEASES Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management Acquired Immune Deficiency HIV Infection and AIDS Epidemiology HIV Transmission Gerontologic Considerations Prevention of HIV Infection Reducing the Risk of Transmission to Health Care Providers Pathophysiology Stages of HIV Infection Assessment and Diagnostic Findings in HIV Infection Treatment of HIV Infection Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Health Therapies Supportive Care • Nursing Process: The Patient with HIV Infection Emotional and Ethical Concerns Chapter 33: Assessment and Management of Patients with Allergic Disorders Physiologic Overview Function of Immunoglobulins Function of Antigens Function of Chemical Mediators Hypersensitivity Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Complete Blood Count with Differential Eosinophil Count Total Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels Skin Tests Provocative Testing Serum-Specific IgE Test Allergic Disorders Anaphylaxis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management Allergic Rhinitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Allergic Rhinitis Contact Dermatitis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Atopic Dermatitis Medical Management Nursing Management Drug Hypersensitivity Pseudoallergic Drug Reactions Urticaria and Angioedema Hereditary Angioedema Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Cold Urticaria Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Food Allergy Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Latex Allergy Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chapter 34: Assessment and Management of Patients with Inflammatory Rheumatic Disorders Rheumatic Diseases Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Gerontologic Considerations Diffuse Connective Tissue Diseases Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Scleroderma Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Polymyositis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Spondyloarthropathies Ankylosing Spondylitis Reactive Arthritis (Reiter’s Syndrome) Psoriatic Arthritis Medical Management Nursing Management Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Associated with Rheumatic Disorders Gout Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Fibromyalgia Pathophysiology Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Miscellaneous Disorders UNIT 8: Musculoskeletal Function Chapter 35: Assessment of Musculoskeletal Function Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Structure and Function of the Skeletal System Structure and Function of the Articular System Structure and Function of the Skeletal Muscle System Gerontologic Considerations Assessment Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation X-Ray Studies Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Arthrography Bone Densitometry Bone Scan Arthroscopy Arthrocentesis Electromyography Biopsy Laboratory Studies Chapter 36: Management of Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders Low Back Pain Gerontologic Considerations Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Common Upper Extremity Disorders Bursitis and Tendonitis Loose Bodies Impingement Syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Ganglion Dupuytren Disease Nursing Management of the Patient Undergoing Surgery of the Hand or Wrist Common Foot Problems Callus Corn Hammer Toe Onychocryptosis Pes Cavus Hallux Valgus Morton Neuroma Pes Planus Plantar Fasciitis Nursing Management of the Patient Undergoing Foot Surgery Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management The Patient Undergoing Arthroplasty Preoperative and Intraoperative Nursing Management Total Hip Arthroplasty Nursing Management Total Knee Arthroplasty Nursing Management Metabolic Bone Disorders Osteoporosis Prevention COVID-19 Considerations Gerontologic Considerations Pathophysiology Risk Factors Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with a Spontaneous Vertebral Fracture Related to Osteoporosis Osteomalacia Pathophysiology Gerontologic Considerations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Paget Disease of the Bone Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Gerontologic Considerations Musculoskeletal Infections Osteomyelitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Osteomyelitis Septic (Infectious) Arthritis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Bone Tumors Benign Bone Tumors Malignant Bone Tumors Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chapter 37: Management of Patients with Musculoskeletal Trauma Contusions, Strains, and Sprains Management Joint Dislocations Medical Management Nursing Management Injuries to the Tendons, Ligaments, and Menisci Rotator Cuff Tears Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis Lateral and Medial Collateral Ligament Injury Medical Management Nursing Management Cruciate Ligament Injury Meniscal Injuries Rupture of the Achilles Tendon Fractures Types of Fractures Clinical Manifestations Emergency Management Medical Management Nursing Management Fracture Healing and Complications The Patient with a Cast, Splint, or Brace Casts Splints and Braces Nursing Management Nursing Management of the Patient with an Immobilized Upper Extremity Nursing Management of the Patient with an Immobilized Lower Extremity Nursing Management of the Patient with a Body or Spica Cast The Patient with an External Fixator Management The Patient in Traction Principles of Effective Traction Types of Traction Skin Traction Skeletal Traction Nursing Management of the Patient in Traction Fractures of Specific Sites Clavicle Humeral Neck Humeral Shaft Elbow Proximal Radius Radial and Ulnar Shafts Wrist Hand Pelvis Acetabulum Hip Clinical Manifestations Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Femoral Shaft Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Tibia and Fibula Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Rib Gerontologic Considerations Thoracolumbar Spine Sports-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries Management Occupation-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Occupation-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nursing Personnel Amputation Level of Amputation Complications Medical Management Rehabilitation • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing an Amputation UNIT 9: Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function Chapter 38: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Function of the Digestive System Gerontologic Considerations Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Serum Laboratory Studies Stool Tests Breath Tests Abdominal Ultrasonography Genetic Testing Imaging Studies Endoscopic Procedures Manometry and Electrophysiologic Studies Gastric Analysis, Gastric Acid Stimulation Test, and pH Monitoring Laparoscopy (Peritoneoscopy) Chapter 39: Management of Patients with Oral and Esophageal Disorders Disorders of the Oral Cavity Dental Plaque and Caries Prevention Dental Health and Disease Periapical Abscess Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Disorders of the Jaw Temporomandibular Disorders Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Jaw Disorders Requiring Surgical Management Nursing Management Disorders of the Salivary Glands Parotitis Sialadenitis Salivary Calculus (Sialolithiasis) Neoplasms Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Human Papillomavirus Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management Nursing Management of the Patient With Disorders of the Oral Cavity Promoting Mouth Care Ensuring Adequate Food and Fluid Intake Supporting a Positive Self-Image Minimizing Pain and Discomfort Preventing Infection Promoting Home, Community-Based, and Transitional Care Neck Dissection • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing a Neck Dissection Delivering Nutrition Enterally Nursing Management Gastrostomy and Jejunostomy • Nursing Process: The Patient with a Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy Disorders of the Esophagus Achalasia Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Esophageal Spasm Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Hiatal Hernia Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Diverticulum Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Perforation Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Foreign Bodies Chemical Burns Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Barrett Esophagus Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Benign Tumors of the Esophagus • Nursing Process: The Patient with a Noncancerous Disorder of the Esophagus Cancer of the Esophagus Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chapter 40: Management of Patients with Gastric and Duodenal Disorders Gastritis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Peptic Ulcer Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Peptic Ulcer Disease Gastric Cancer Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Gerontologic Considerations • Nursing Process: The Patient with Gastric Cancer Tumors of the Small Intestine Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Chapter 41: Management of Patients with Intestinal and Rectal Disorders Abnormalities of Fecal Elimination Constipation Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Diarrhea Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Fecal Incontinence Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Disorders of Malabsorption Celiac Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Acute Abdomen Peritonitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Appendicitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Diverticular Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Intestinal Obstruction Small Bowel Obstruction Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Large Bowel Obstruction Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Inflammatory Bowel Disease Crohn’s Disease (Regional Enteritis) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Ulcerative Colitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Medical Management • Nursing Process: Management of the Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Delivering Nutrition Parenterally Nursing Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Receiving Parenteral Nutrition Management of the Patient Requiring an Ostomy Preoperative Nursing Management Postoperative Nursing Management Colorectal Neoplasms Colorectal Cancer Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Gerontologic Considerations Prevention Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Having Surgery for Colorectal Cancer Polyps of the Colon and Rectum Disorders of the Anorectum Proctitis Anorectal Abscess Anal Fistula Anal Fissure Hemorrhoids Pilonidal Sinus or Cyst Nursing Management of Patients with Anorectal Disorders UNIT 10: Metabolic and Endocrine Function Chapter 42: Assessment and Management of Patients with Obesity Obesity Epidemiology of Obesity Obesity Risks Pathophysiology Assessment of Obesity Diagnostic Evaluation Medical Management Gerontologic Considerations Veterans Considerations COVID-19 Considerations Nursing Management The Patient Undergoing Bariatric Surgery Surgical Procedures • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing Bariatric Surgery Chapter 43: Assessment and Management of Patients with Hepatic Disorders Assessment of the Liver Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anatomy of the Liver Functions of the Liver Gerontologic Considerations Assessment Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Liver Function Tests Liver Biopsy Other Diagnostic Tests Manifestations of Hepatic Dysfunction Jaundice Hemolytic Jaundice Hepatocellular Jaundice Obstructive Jaundice Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia Portal Hypertension Ascites Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Esophageal Varices Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Surgical Management Nursing Management Hepatic Encephalopathy and Coma Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Other Manifestations of Hepatic Dysfunction Edema and Bleeding Vitamin Deficiency Metabolic Abnormalities Pruritus and Other Skin Changes Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis A Virus Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management Hepatitis B Virus Gerontologic Considerations Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management Hepatitis C Virus Hepatitis D Virus Hepatitis E Virus Hepatitis G Virus and GB Virus-C Nonviral Hepatitis Toxic Hepatitis Drug-Induced Hepatitis Acute Liver Failure Hepatic Cirrhosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Cancer of the Liver Primary Liver Tumors Liver Metastases Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Surgical Management Nursing Management Liver Transplantation Surgical Procedure Complications Nursing Management Liver Abscesses Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chapter 44: Management of Patients with Biliary Disorders Anatomic and Physiologic Overview The Gallbladder The Pancreas The Exocrine Pancreas The Endocrine Pancreas Endocrine Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism Gerontologic Considerations Disorders of the Gallbladder Cholecystitis Cholelithiasis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing Surgery for Gallbladder Disease Disorders of the Pancreas Acute Pancreatitis Gerontologic Considerations Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chronic Pancreatitis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Pancreatic Cysts Cancer of the Pancreas Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Tumors of the Head of the Pancreas Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Pancreatic Islet Tumors Surgical Management Nursing Management Hyperinsulinism Ulcerogenic Tumors Chapter 45: Assessment and Management of Patients with Endocrine Disorders Assessment of the Endocrine System Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Glands of the Endocrine System Function and Regulation of Hormones Classification and Action of Hormones Assessment Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Blood Tests Urine Tests Additional Diagnostic Studies The Pituitary Gland Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary Pathophysiology Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary Pituitary Tumors Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Diabetes Insipidus Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Medical Management Nursing Management The Thyroid Gland Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Thyroid Hormone Calcitonin Pathophysiology Assessment Physical Examination Diagnostic Evaluation Thyroid Tests Nursing Implications Hypothyroidism Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Gerontologic Considerations Hyperthyroidism Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Gerontologic Considerations • Nursing Process: The Patient with Hyperthyroidism Thyroid Tumors Endemic (Iodine-Deficient) Goiter Nodular Goiter Thyroid Cancer Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management The Parathyroid Glands Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Pathophysiology Hyperparathyroidism Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Complications: Hypercalcemic Crisis Hypoparathyroidism Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management The Adrenal Glands Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Adrenal Medulla Adrenal Cortex Pheochromocytoma Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Cushing’s Syndrome Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Cushing’s Syndrome Primary Aldosteronism Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Corticosteroid Therapy Side Effects Therapeutic Uses of Corticosteroids Dosage Tapering Nursing Management Chapter 46: Management of Patients with Diabetes Diabetes Epidemiology Classification COVID-19 Considerations Pathophysiology Prevention Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Acute Complications of Diabetes Hypoglycemia (Insulin Reactions) Gerontologic Considerations Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Diabetic Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology Prevention Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis or Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome Long-Term Complications of Diabetes Macrovascular Complications Role of Diabetes in Macrovascular Diseases Management Microvascular Complications Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Nephropathy Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral Neuropathy Clinical Manifestations Management Autonomic Neuropathies Clinical Manifestations Management Foot and Leg Problems Medical Management Nursing Management Special Issues in Diabetes Care Patients with Diabetes Who Are Undergoing Surgery Management of Patients with Diabetes Who Are Hospitalized Self-Care Issues Hyperglycemia During Hospitalization Hypoglycemia During Hospitalization Common Alterations in Diet Hygiene Stress Gerontologic Considerations Nursing Management UNIT 11: Kidney and Urinary Tract Function Chapter 47: Assessment of Kidney and Urinary Function Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anatomy of the Kidney and Urinary Systems Physiology of the Kidney and Urinary Systems Gerontologic Considerations Assessment of the Kidney and Urinary Systems Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Urinalysis and Urine Culture Specific Gravity Osmolality Renal Function Tests Diagnostic Imaging Urologic Endoscopic Procedures Biopsy Chapter 48: Management of Patients with Kidney Disorders Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances in Kidney Disorders Clinical Manifestations Gerontologic Considerations Kidney Disorders Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Gerontologic Considerations Nephrosclerosis Pathophysiology Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Primary Glomerular Diseases Acute Nephritic Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Chronic Glomerulonephritis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Nephrotic Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Polycystic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Renal Cancer Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Kidney Disease Acute Kidney Injury COVID-19 Considerations Pathophysiology Classifications of Acute Kidney Injury Categories of Acute Kidney Injury Phases of Acute Kidney Injury Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management End-Stage Kidney Disease or Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Gerontologic Considerations Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) Dialysis Hemodialysis (HD) Dialyzers Vascular Access Complications COVID-19 Considerations Nursing Management Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Procedure Complications Approaches Nursing Management Special Considerations: Nursing Management of the Patient on Dialysis Who Is Hospitalized Kidney Surgery Management of Patients Undergoing Kidney Surgery Preoperative Considerations Perioperative Concerns Postoperative Management Nursing Management Kidney Transplantation Preoperative Management Medical Management Nursing Management Postoperative Management Medical Management COVID-19 Considerations Nursing Management Renal Trauma Medical Management Nursing Management Chapter 49: Management of Patients with Urinary Disorders Infections of the Urinary Tract Lower Urinary Tract Infections Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Gerontologic Considerations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with a Lower Urinary Tract Infection Upper Urinary Tract Infections Acute Pyelonephritis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Chronic Pyelonephritis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Adult Voiding Dysfunction Urinary Incontinence Types of Urinary Incontinence Gerontologic Considerations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Urinary Retention Pathophysiology Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Nursing Management Neurogenic Bladder Pathophysiology Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management Urinary Catheters Indwelling Catheters Suprapubic Catheters Nursing Management Urolithiasis and Nephrolithiasis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Renal Calculi Genitourinary Trauma Specific Injuries Ureteral Trauma Bladder Trauma Urethral Trauma Medical Management Nursing Management Urinary Tract Cancers Cancer of the Bladder Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Urinary Diversions Ileal Conduit Complications Nursing Management Orthotopic Neobladder Surgical Management Complications Nursing Management Other Continent Urinary Diversion Procedures • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing Urinary Diversion Surgery UNIT 12: Reproductive Function Chapter 50: Assessment and Management of Patients with Female Physiologic Processes CHALLENGES in Women’s Health Assessment of the Female Reproductive System Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System Function of the Female Reproductive System Assessment Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Cytologic Test for Cancer (Pap Smear) Colposcopy and Cervical Biopsy Cryotherapy and Laser Therapy Cone Biopsy and Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure Endometrial (Aspiration) Biopsy Dilation and Curettage Endoscopic Examinations Other Diagnostic Procedures Management of Female Physiologic Processes Menstruation Psychosocial Considerations Cultural Considerations Menstrual Disorders Premenstrual Syndrome Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Dysmenorrhea Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Amenorrhea Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Dyspareunia Contraception Contraindications Abstinence Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive (LARC) Methods Sterilization Hormonal Contraception Mechanical Barriers Coitus Interruptus or Withdrawal Fertility Awareness–Based Methods Emergency Contraception Nursing Management Abortion Spontaneous Abortion Habitual Abortion Medical Management Nursing Management Induced Abortion Medical Management Nursing Management Infertility Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Preconception/Periconception Health Care Ectopic Pregnancy Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with an Ectopic Pregnancy Perimenopause Nursing Management Menopause Postmenopausal Bleeding Clinical Manifestations Psychological Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Chapter 51: Management of Patients with Female Reproductive Disorders Vulvovaginal Infections Candidiasis Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Bacterial Vaginosis Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Trichomoniasis Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Gerontologic Considerations • Nursing Process: The Patient with a Vulvovaginal Infection Human Papillomavirus Pathophysiology Medical Management Prevention Herpes Virus Type 2 Infection (Herpes Genitalis, Herpes Simplex Virus) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with a Genital Herpes Infection Endocervicitis and Cervicitis Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Medical Management Nursing Management Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Complications Medical Management Nursing Management Human Immune Deficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Structural Disorders Fistulas of the Vagina Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Cystocele, Rectocele, Enterocele Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Uterine Prolapse Medical Management Nursing Management Benign Disorders Vulvitis and Vulvodynia Medical Management Vulvar Cysts Medical Management Vulvar Dystrophy Medical Management Nursing Management Ovarian Cysts Medical Management Benign Tumors of the Uterus: Fibroids (Leiomyomas, Myomas) Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Endometriosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chronic Pelvic Pain Adenomyosis Endometrial Hyperplasia Malignant Conditions Cancer of the Cervix Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Cancer of the Uterus (Endometrium) Pathophysiology Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Cancer of the Vulva Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Cancer of the Vagina Medical Management Cancer of the Fallopian Tubes Cancer of the Ovary Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Hysterectomy Preoperative Management Postoperative Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing a Hysterectomy Radiation Therapy Methods of Radiation Therapy Nursing Considerations for Radiation Safety Chapter 52: Assessment and Management of Patients with Breast Disorders Breast Assessment Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Assessment Health History Physical Assessment: Female Breast Physical Assessment: Male Breast Diagnostic Evaluation Breast Self-Examination Mammography Contrast Mammography Ultrasonography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Procedures for Tissue Analysis Conditions Affecting the Nipple Nipple Discharge Fissure Breast Infections Mastitis Lactational Abscess Benign Conditions of the Breast Breast Pain Nursing Management Cysts Fibroadenomas Benign Proliferative Breast Disease Atypical Hyperplasia Lobular Carcinoma In Situ Other Benign Conditions Malignant Conditions of the Breast Types of Breast Cancer Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Medical Management Invasive Cancer Risk Factors Protective Factors Breast Cancer Prevention Strategies in the Patient Who Is at High Risk Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Staging Prognosis Surgical Management Nursing Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing Surgery for Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy Side Effects Nursing Management Systemic Treatments Chemotherapy Side Effects Nursing Management Hormonal Therapy Targeted Therapy Treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic Breast Cancer Nursing Management Reconstructive Procedures After Mastectomy Tissue Expander Followed by Permanent Implant Tissue Transfer Procedures Nipple–Areola Reconstruction Prosthetics Special Issues in Breast Cancer Management Implications of Genetic Testing Pregnancy and Breast Cancer Quality of Life and Survivorship Gerontologic Considerations Breast Health of Women with Disability Reconstructive Breast Surgery Reduction Mammoplasty Augmentation Mammoplasty Mastopexy Diseases of the Male Breast Gynecomastia Male Breast Cancer Chapter 53: Assessment and Management of Patients with Male Reproductive Disorders Assessment of the Male Reproductive System Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Gerontologic Considerations Assessment Health History Physical Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Ultrasonography Prostate Fluid or Tissue Analysis Tests of Male Sexual Function Disorders of Male Sexual Function Erectile Dysfunction Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Disorders of Ejaculation Infections of the Male Genitourinary Tract Prostatic Disorders Prostatitis Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (Enlarged Prostate) Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Cancer of the Prostate Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management The Patient Undergoing Prostate Surgery Surgical Procedures Complications • Nursing Process: Patient Undergoing Prostatectomy Disorders Affecting the Testes and Adjacent Structures Orchitis Epididymitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Testicular Torsion Testicular Cancer Classification of Testicular Tumors Risk Factors Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Hydrocele Varicocele Vasectomy Nursing Management Vasovasostomy (Sterilization Reversal) Semen Cryopreservation (Sperm Banking) Disorders Affecting the Penis Phimosis Cancer of the Penis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Priapism Peyronie Disease Urethral Stricture Circumcision Chapter 54: Assessment and Management of Patients Who Are LGBTQ Sexuality and Gender Identity Sexuality Gender Identity Statistics on LGBTQ Populations Health Risks Assessment Gerontologic Considerations Assessment and Management of Patients Seeking Gender Reassignment Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing Gender Reassignment Surgery UNIT 13: Integumentary Function Chapter 55: Assessment of Integumentary Function Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anatomy of the Skin, Hair, Nails, and Glands of the Skin Functions of the Skin Gerontologic Considerations Assessment Health History Physical Assessment Skin Consequences of Select Systemic Diseases Diagnostic Evaluation Skin Biopsy Patch Testing Skin Scrapings Tzanck Smear Wood Light Examination Clinical Photographs Nursing Implications Chapter 56: Management of Patients with Dermatologic Disorders Skin Care Protecting the Skin Preventing Secondary Infection Wound Dressing Care Autolytic Débridement Categories of Dressings Medical Management Nursing Management Pressure Injury • Nursing Process: The Patient with Pressure Injury Pruritus General Pruritus Gerontologic Considerations Pathophysiology Medical Management Nursing Management Perineal and Perianal Pruritus Management Secretory Disorders Hidradenitis Suppurativa Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Management Seborrheic Dermatitis Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Acne Vulgaris Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Infectious Dermatoses Bacterial Skin Infections Impetigo Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Folliculitis, Furuncles, and Carbuncles Medical Management Nursing Management Viral Skin Infections Herpes Zoster Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Herpes Simplex COVID-19 Considerations Fungal (Mycotic) Skin Infections Parasitic Skin Infestations Pediculosis: Lice Infestation Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Scabies Clinical Manifestations Gerontologic Considerations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Noninfectious Inflammatory Dermatoses Irritant Contact Dermatitis Clinical Manifestations Management COVID-19 Considerations Psoriasis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Complications Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Blistering Diseases Pemphigus Vulgaris Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Bullous Pemphigoid Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Dermatitis Herpetiformis Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management • Nursing Process: Care of the Patient with a Blistering Disease Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens–Johnson Syndrome Clinical Manifestations Complications Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: Care of the Patient with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis or Stevens–Johnson Syndrome Skin Tumors Benign Skin Tumors Cysts Seborrheic and Actinic Keratoses Verrucae: Warts Angiomas Pigmented Nevi: Moles Keloids Dermatofibroma Neurofibromatosis: Von Recklinghausen Disease Malignant Skin Tumors Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Melanoma Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Metastatic Skin Tumors Kaposi Sarcoma Plastic, Reconstructive, and Cosmetic Procedures Wound Coverage: Grafts and Flaps Skin Grafts Flaps Cosmetic Procedures Chemical Face Peeling Dermabrasion Facial Reconstructive Surgery Rhytidectomy Laser Treatment of Cutaneous Lesions Nursing Management Chapter 57: Management of Patients with Burn Injury Overview of Burn Injury Incidence Gerontologic Considerations Prevention Outlook for Survival and Recovery Severity Pathophysiology Management of Burn Injury Emergent/Resuscitative Phase On-the-Scene Care Medical Management Nursing Management Acute/Intermediate Phase Medical Management Nursing Management Rehabilitation Phase Psychological Support Abnormal Wound Healing • Nursing Process: Care of the Patient during the Rehabilitation Phase Outpatient Burn Care UNIT 14: Sensory Function Chapter 58: Assessment and Management of Patients with Eye and Vision Disorders Assessment of the Eye Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Assessment Ocular History Visual Acuity External Eye Examination Diagnostic Evaluation Direct Ophthalmoscopy Indirect Ophthalmoscopy Slit-Lamp Examination Tonometry Color Vision Testing Amsler Grid Ultrasonography Optical Coherence Tomography Fundus Photography Laser Scanning Angiography Perimetry Testing Impaired Vision Refractive Errors Vision Impairment and Blindness Assessment and Diagnostic Testing Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Ocular Medication Administration Common Ocular Medications Topical Anesthetic Agents Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Agents Medications Used to Treat Glaucoma Anti-Infective Medications Corticosteroids and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Antiallergy Medications Ocular Irrigants and Lubricants Nursing Management Glaucoma Physiology Pathophysiology Classification of Glaucoma Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Cataracts Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Corneal Disorders Corneal Dystrophies Keratoconus Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy Corneal Surgeries Phototherapeutic Keratectomy Penetrating Keratoplasty Additional Keratoplasty Surgeries Keratoprosthesis Nursing Management Refractive Surgeries Laser Vision Correction Photorefractive Keratectomy Phakic Intraocular Lenses Conductive Keratoplasty Retinal Disorders Retinal Detachment Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Surgical Management Nursing Management Retinal Vascular Disorders Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Age-Related Macular Degeneration Medical Management Nursing Management Orbital and Ocular Trauma Orbital Trauma Soft Tissue Injury and Hemorrhage Orbital Fractures Foreign Bodies Ocular Trauma Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions Dry Eyes Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Conjunctivitis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Types of Conjunctivitis Medical Management Uveitis Medical Management Orbital Cellulitis Medical Management Orbital and Ocular Tumors Benign Tumors of the Orbit Benign Tumors of the Eyelids Benign Tumors of the Conjunctiva Malignant Tumors of the Orbit Malignant Tumors of the Eyelid Malignant Tumors of the Conjunctiva Malignant Tumors of the Globe Surgical Procedures and Enucleation Orbital Surgeries Enucleation Ocular Prostheses Medical Management Nursing Management Ocular Consequences of Systemic Disease Diabetic Retinopathy Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Medical Management Hypertension-Related Eye Changes Chapter 59: Assessment and Management of Patients with Hearing and Balance Disorders Assessment of the Ear Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Anatomy of the External Ear Anatomy of the Middle Ear Anatomy of the Inner Ear Function of the Ears Assessment Inspection of the External Ear Otoscopic Examination Evaluation of Gross Auditory Acuity Cultural Considerations Diagnostic Evaluation Audiometry Tympanogram Auditory Brain Stem Response Audiometry Electronystagmography Platform Posturography Sinusoidal Harmonic Acceleration Middle Ear Endoscopy Hearing Loss Clinical Manifestations Prevention Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Nursing Management Conditions of the External Ear Cerumen Impaction Management Foreign Bodies Management External Otitis (Otitis Externa) Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Malignant External Otitis Masses of the External Ear Conditions of the Middle Ear Tympanic Membrane Perforation Medical Management Acute Otitis Media Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Serous Otitis Media Clinical Manifestations Management Chronic Otitis Media Clinical Manifestations Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing Mastoid Surgery Otosclerosis Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Middle Ear Masses Conditions of the Inner Ear Motion Sickness Clinical Manifestations Management Ménière’s Disease Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Tinnitus Labyrinthitis Clinical Manifestations Management Ototoxicity Acoustic Neuroma Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Aural Rehabilitation Hearing Aids Implanted Hearing Devices Hearing Guide Dogs UNIT 15: Neurologic Function Chapter 60: Assessment of Neurologic Function Anatomic and Physiologic Overview Cells of the Nervous System Neurotransmitters The Central Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System Motor and Sensory Pathways of the Nervous System Assessment of the Nervous System Health History Physical Assessment Gerontologic Considerations Diagnostic Evaluation Computed Tomography Scanning Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Cerebral Angiography Myelography Noninvasive Carotid Flow Studies Transcranial Doppler Electroencephalography Electromyography Nerve Conduction Studies Evoked Potential Studies Lumbar Puncture and Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid Promoting Home, Community-Based, and Transitional Care Chapter 61: Management of Patients with Neurologic Dysfunction Altered Level of Consciousness Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with an Altered Level of Consciousness Increased Intracranial Pressure Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Complications Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Increased Intracranial Pressure Intracranial Surgery Supratentorial and Infratentorial Approaches Preoperative Management Medical Management Nursing Management Postoperative Management Reducing Cerebral Edema Relieving Pain and Preventing Seizures Monitoring Intracranial Pressure • Nursing Process: The Patient Who Has Undergone Intracranial Surgery Transsphenoidal Approach Complications Preoperative Management Medical Management Nursing Management Postoperative Management Medical Management Nursing Management Other Neurologic Dysfunctions Delirium Dementia Pseudobulbar Affect Seizure Disorders Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Nursing Management The Epilepsies Pathophysiology Epilepsy in Women Gerontologic Considerations Prevention Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Epilepsy Status Epilepticus Medical Management Nursing Management Headache Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management Chapter 62: Management of Patients with Cerebrovascular Disorders Ischemic Stroke COVID-19 Considerations Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Recovering from an Ischemic Stroke Hemorrhagic Stroke Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Complications Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with a Hemorrhagic Stroke Chapter 63: Management of Patients with Neurologic Trauma Head Injuries Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Veterans Considerations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Gerontologic Considerations Medical Management Brain Injury Types of Brain Injury Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with a Traumatic Brain Injury Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Pathophysiology Veterans Considerations Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Emergency Management Medical Management (Acute Phase) Management of Acute Complications of Spinal Cord Injury • Nursing Process: The Patient with Acute Spinal Cord Injury Medical Management of Long-Term Complications of SCI • Nursing Process: The Patient with Tetraplegia or Paraplegia Chapter 64: Management of Patients with Neurologic Infections, Autoimmune Disorders, and Neuropathies Infectious Neurologic Disorders Meningitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Prevention Medical Management Nursing Management Brain Abscess Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Arthropod-Borne Virus Encephalitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Creutzfeldt–Jakob and Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob Diseases Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Autoimmune Processes Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Gerontologic Considerations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with MS Myasthenia Gravis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Complications Nursing Management Guillain–Barré Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with GBS Cranial Nerve Disorders Trigeminal Neuralgia Medical Management Nursing Management Bell’s Palsy Medical Management Nursing Management Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Neuropathies Mononeuropathy Chapter 65: Management of Patients with Oncologic or Degenerative Neurologic Disorders Oncologic Disorders of the Brain and Spinal Cord Brain Tumors Types of Primary Brain Tumors Gerontologic Considerations Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Cerebral Metastases Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Nervous System Metastases or Primary Brain Tumor Spinal Cord Tumors Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Degenerative Disorders Parkinson’s Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with Parkinson’s Disease Huntington Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Muscular Dystrophies Medical Management Nursing Management Degenerative Disc Disease Pathophysiology Gerontologic Considerations Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Herniation of a Cervical Intervertebral Disc Clinical Manifestations Medical Management • Nursing Process: The Patient Undergoing a Cervical Discectomy Herniation of a Lumbar Disc Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Post-Polio Syndrome Pathophysiology Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management UNIT 16: Acute Community-Based Challenges Chapter 66: Management of Patients with Infectious Diseases The Infectious Process The Chain of Infection Colonization, Infection, and Infectious Disease Infection Control and Prevention Preventing Infection in Health Care Settings Preventing Infection in the Community Home-Based Care of the Patient with an Infectious Disease Reducing Risk to the Patient Reducing Risk to Household Members Nursing Management Diarrheal Diseases Transmission Causes • Nursing Process: The Patient with Infectious Diarrhea Sexually Transmitted Infections Syphilis Stages of Syphilis Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections Clinical Manifestations Complications Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management • Nursing Process: The Patient with a Sexually Transmitted Infection Emerging Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Pathophysiology Risk Factors Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Zika Virus West Nile Virus Ebola Virus Disease Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Medical Management Nursing Management Legionnaires Disease Pathophysiology Risk Factors Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Pertussis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Travel and Immigration Immigration and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Immigration and Tuberculosis Immigration and Vector-Borne Diseases Chapter 67: Emergency Nursing Issues in Emergency Nursing Care Documentation of Consent and Privacy Limiting Exposure to Health Risks COVID-19 Considerations Violence in the Emergency Department Providing Holistic Care Patient-Focused Interventions Family-Focused Interventions Caring for Emergency Personnel COVID-19 Considerations Emergency Nursing and the Continuum of Care Discharge Planning Community and Transitional Services Gerontologic Considerations Obesity Considerations Principles of Emergency Care Triage COVID-19 Considerations Assess and Intervene Airway Obstruction Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Hemorrhage Management Hypovolemic Shock Wounds Management Trauma Collection of Forensic Evidence Injury Prevention Multiple Trauma Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Intra-Abdominal Injuries Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Crush Injuries Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Fractures Management Environmental Emergencies Heat-Induced Illnesses Gerontologic Considerations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Frostbite Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Hypothermia Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Nonfatal Drowning Management Decompression Sickness Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Animal and Human Bites Snakebites Clinical Manifestations Management Spider Bites Tick Bites Poisoning Ingested (Swallowed) Poisons Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Clinical Manifestations Management Skin Contamination Poisoning (Chemical Burns) Food Poisoning Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Acute Alcohol Intoxication Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Violence, Abuse, and Neglect Family Violence, Abuse, and Neglect Gerontologic Considerations Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Sexual Assault Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Management Human Trafficking Psychiatric Emergencies Patients Who Are Overactive Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Veterans Considerations Patients Who Are Underactive or Depressed Patients Who Are Suicidal Chapter 68: Disaster Nursing Disaster Planning Federal, State, and Local Responses to Disasters Federal Agencies State and Local Agencies The Incident Command System Hospital Emergency Preparedness Plans COVID-19 Considerations Components of the Emergency Operations Plan Initiating the Emergency Operations Plan Preparedness and Response Recognition and Awareness Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Decontamination Natural Disasters Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics Weapons of Terror Blast Injury Biologic Weapons Chemical Weapons Nuclear Radiation Exposure Appendix A: Diagnostic Studies and Interpretation Index