Sedimentary structures

Description

Cover Book Title Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to the study of sedimentary structures 1.1 The nature of this book 1.2 The wider geological context of sedimentary structures 1.3 Sedimentary structures and science Study techniques 2 Bedding 2.1 The nature of bedding 2.2 The significance of bedding Study techniques 3 Basic properties of fluids, flows and sediment 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Properties of low-viscosity fluids and flows 3.3 Waves 3.4 Properties of sediments moved by flows 3.5 Erosion 3.6 Modes of sediment transport 3.7 Sediment gravity flows 3.8 Pyroclastic density currents Study techniques 4 Erosional structures 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Sole marks 4.3 Small-scale structures on modern and ancient upper surfaces 4.4 Erosional features in vertical section Study techniques 5 Depositional structures in muds, mudstones and shales 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Structures and lamination Study techniques 6 Depositional structures of sands and sandstones 6.1 Aqueous ripples and cross lamination 6.2 Aqueous dunes, sandwaves, bars and cross bedding 6.3 Flat beds and parallel lamination 6.4 Undulating smooth surfaces and lamination 6.5 Hummocky and swaley cross stratification 6.6 Massive sand beds 6.7 Normally graded beds, inverse grading, the Bouma sequence and hybrid-event beds 6.8 Aeolian bedforms and lamination Study techniques 7 Depositional structures in gravels, conglomerates and breccias 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Classification 7.3 Morphology and general settings of gravel deposition 7.4 Textures, fabrics, and structures: their mode of formation 7.5 Processes of formation of mass properties and structures 7.6 Uses of structures Study techniques 8 Depositional structures of chemical and biological origin 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Chemical precipitation 8.3 Precipitation and binding of sediment by organisms 8.4 Early cementation 8.5 Other bedding phenomena in limestones Study techniques 9 Structures due to deformation and disturbance 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Physically induced soft-sediment deformation 9.3 Chemically induced disturbance 9.4 Biogenic sedimentary structures: trace fossils Study techniques 10 Assemblages of structures and environmental interpretation 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Mapping of modern environments 10.3 Measurement of sections in rock successions 10.4 Interpretation of vertical sequences in rocks 10.5 Key stratigraphic surfaces 10.6 Interpretation of lateral relationships in sedimentary rocks Study techniques Appendix 1 Directional data: collection, display, analysis and interpretation Appendix 2 Sampling and preserving unconsolidated sediments Appendix 3 Methods for studying present-day environments Appendix 4 Techniques for the study of trace fossils Appendix 5 Techniques for sedimentary logging Appendix 6 Key to common sedimentary lithologies and structures Bibliography Index Back Cover