Routledge Hanbook of Urban Indonesia

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Cover Half Title Endorsement Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of figures List of tables List of contributors Preface Part I: Planning Indonesia in Context Chapter 1: Urban Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities Urban Growth and Planning Urbanisation and Social Inclusion Planning for Sustainability and Resilience Book Structure Notes References Chapter 2: History of Urban Planning in Indonesia, 1900–2020 Introduction Colonial Planning Precedents Legal Basis for Indonesian Planning The Role of Donors and Consultants Regional Planning New Towns in the Urban Periphery Housing the Masses Regulating Urbanisation in the Megapolitan Region Under Decentralisation Smart City and Sustainable City Movements Concluding Thoughts References Chapter 3: Planning Education in Indonesia: History, Development, and Future Challenges Introduction The History of Planning Education in Indonesia and the Establishment of Indonesian Planning Schools Association (ASPI) Indonesian Planning Schools Association (ASPI) Internationalisation of Planning Education in Indonesia: The Case of “Double/Linkage Master’s Program”, APSA, and GPEAN Planning Education for the Millennials: The Case of Undergraduate Planning Students at Gadjah Mada University Planning Education in Indonesia: Future Challenges References Part II: Informality, Insurgency and Social Inclusion Chapter 4: Tenure Security and Kampung Upgrading in Jakarta: The Role of Community Perception and State Recognition in Jakarta Introduction Theoretical Discussion: Understanding Informal Settlements and Slums Methodology Overview of the City Discussion: Drivers of Perceived Tenure Security Perceived Tenure Security by Possession of Land-related Documents Duration of Occupation Community Social Cohesion Impacts of Perceived Tenure Security Housing Investment Provision of Basic Infrastructure and Services Access to Credit Analysis and Conclusion Notes References Chapter 5: Participation within the Insurgent Planning Practices: A Case of Kampung Susun Akuarium, Jakarta Introduction Forced Eviction and Displacement in the Global South and the Emergence of Southern Planning Theory Rethinking Participation Within the Insurgent Planning Re-Occupation and Rebuilding of Community Governance Institutions in Kampung Akuarium Reclaiming Dignity and Housing Rights Through Political Contract Implementation Challenges on Design Realisation Insurgent Planning in Practice Conclusion Notes References Chapter 6: Resistance to Formalisation in Informal Settlements: Evidence from Pontianak Introduction Theoretical Discussion Informal Settlement Formalisation and Critics to Formalisation Informal Settlement Resistances and Government Formalisation Strategies Overview of Pontianak Overview of Kampung Beting Informality in Kampung Beting and Resistance to Formalisation Urban Public Services Land Tenure Reasons for Resistance Kampung Development and the Sustainable Development Goals Conclusion References Chapter 7: Community Action and Legibility of the State: The Case of Malang Introduction The Interface Between Informal and Formal Planning Processes Social Movements in Community-Based Activities The Quality of Social Relationships Between Urban Influential Actors Malang City and the Colourful Informal Settlements Political Opportunities Mobilising Structures Framing Processes Repertoires of Contention Regulatory Uncertainty and Bureaucratic Informality State Legibility to the Informal Settlements Conclusion and Lessons Learned Notes References Chapter 8: Community Organisation and Neighbourhood Improvement Through Collective Action and Bottom-up Gender Planning in Yogyakarta Introduction Urbanisation, Urban Planning, and Gender Grassroots Gender Planning Kampungs in Yogyakarta Creation of Kalijawi Grassroots Gender Planning Strategies by Kalijawi Participatory Kampung Mapping and Planning Financial Community Planning Community Development Fund (CDF) Creation of a Community Enterprise Lobbying and Advocacy Capacity Building and Strengthening of Social Capital Discussion and Conclusion Notes References Chapter 9: Interpretation of Islamic Values into Urban Planning Discourse and Practices in Banda Aceh Introduction Literature Review Methodology Result and Discussion Islamic Values in Urban Planning Discourse and Practice in Banda Aceh Historical Context of Political Development of Banda Aceh (The Hijrah) Development of Islamic Values and Implementation in Urban Design and Planning (The Garden of Paradise) Islamic Values as Slogans or Taglines for the Vision and Mission of Regional Leaders and as City Branding Application of Islamic Values in General and Thematic/Sectoral Planning Documents The Application of Islamic Values in Environmental Conservation (that is, Care for Urban Environment) Urban to Urbanite, City to Citizen, Path from Mere Slogan or Jargon to Philosophy Conclusion References Chapter 10: Contested Memories and the Production of Space in a Post-Conflict City: Ambon between Tolerance and Trauma Introduction: Ambon, After the Storm Conflict, Memories, and Social Production of Space Overview of Ambon City Painting the Landscapes of Brotherhood and Division in Ambon City The Spatial Reproduction of Brotherhood Remaining Landscape of Division and Trauma Sustaining Peace for Sustainable Development Goals Conclusion Notes References Part III: Design, Spatial, and Economic Practices Chapter 11: Resuscitating Design in Shelter Policy for the Poor: Lessons from Surabaya Introduction Theoretical Framework Affordable Housing and Design: Relevant Developments Shelter Policy and Low-income Rental Flats (Rusunawa) in Surabaya Urip Sumoharjo Sombo Rusunawa Now Shelter, Design, and SDGs Conclusions Notes References Chapter 12: Changing People’s Attitude Towards Urban River in Yogyakarta: The Case of the Mundur-Munggah-Madhep Kali Movement Introduction Kampung : The Informal Settlements of Urban Indonesia The Urban Character of Yogyakarta Informal Settlements in the Riverscape The Genesis of M3K Movement The Adoption of M3K Outside Yogyakarta M3K as a Catalyst for the Sustainable Development Goals Conclusion References Chapter 13: The Street Alley ( Gang) as Negotiating Space in the Urban Kampung : The Case of Semarang Background Theoretical Discussion The Kampung as Part of Informal Settlement Space Used in the Urban Kampung Rootedness in the Urban Kampung Spatial Order in Urban Kampung as the Relationship Between Permanent and Temporary Use of Space Research Methods Discussion History and Land Tenure of the Kampung Gandek Puspo Demographics and Urbanisation Land Use and Infrastructure Situation Analysis: The Negotiation of Space in the Kampung Gandek Puspo Conclusion References Chapter 14: Barriers and Opportunities to Cycling in Mataram Introduction Cycling in Indonesian Cities Theoretical Framework Methodology Results Discussion and Conclusion Note References Chapter 15: The Light and Shadow of Small City’s Flexible Zoning: Learning from Jepara Introduction A Digest of Flexible Zoning Jepara: An Overview Scrutinising Jepara’s Flexible Zoning Zoning’s Influence in Attracting Investments The Effects of Incoming Investments Why Negative Effects Occur Conclusion Notes References Chapter 16: Why Rural Urbanisation and Industrialisation Does Not Always Bring its Promised Welfare Impact: The Case of Salatiga Introduction Theoretical Discussion Salatiga: The City, its Farmers, and Their Farmlands Methodological Framework Related Policy Result and Discussion Household-Level Income Survey and Analysis Urbanisation as an Outcome and its Relation to the Poverty Rate Conclusion: Urbanisation, Industrialisation, and Poverty References Part IV: Creative and Innovative Practices Chapter 17: The Dynamics of Multi-scalar Networks Underlying the Creative City Process: The Case of Bandung Introduction United Kingdom’s Creative Economy and Its Global Diffusion: Indonesian Context Looking Closer at Bandung City The Institutionalisation Process of Bandung Creative City 2006–2008: Early Adoption 2009–2013: Further Institutionalisation Post-2013: Expanding the Multi-scalar Networks Policy Mobility and Bandung’s Reinterpretation of the Creative City Conclusion: What Can We Learn from Bandung? Notes References Chapter 18: The Creativity of the  Kampung : The Case of Solo Introduction Communities, Creativity and the City: The Possibilities for Creative Kampungs Locating the Kampung Perspectives on Creativity The Road to Creative Kampung Policy: Policy Churn Methodology Solo’s Creative Kampungs Finding the Creative Fit with Solo’s Kampungs Creativity: Different Perspectives Creative Kampung Planning and Policy Discourse in Solo Conclusion Notes References Chapter 19: Exploring City Branding in Wonosobo: How the Tale is Told Introduction The Epistemic Community in City Branding Wonosobo Regency: An Overview City Branding Initiatives in Wonosobo Building the Consensus: Government-led City Branding vis-à-vis Organic City Branding Epistemic Community: Framing the City Problems Political Will in City Branding A Perpetuated Concept of Antecedent Cities Conclusion Note References Chapter 20: Metamorphosing the Bogor Botanical Gardens as the “Crown Jewel” of Bogor City Introduction Kebun Raya Bogor Urban Open Space Development in Indonesia Overview of the Bogor City and the Bogor Botanical Gardens Methodology Research Findings Discussion Conclusion References Chapter 21: The Challenges to Give a New Life to the Dormant Heritage City of Palembang: Where did It Go Wrong? Introduction Heritage Preservation in Asian Rapidly-Growing Cities Palembang: A Historical Perspective The Pre-Srivijaya Period (Before 682) The Srivijaya Period (682–1397) The Post-Srivijaya Period (1398–1659) The Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam Period (1659–1824) The Dutch Colonisation Period (1821–1942) The Japanese Colonisation Period (1942–1945) The Independence Period (1945–present) The Remaining Urban Heritage in the Present-Day Palembang Safeguarding the Remaining Urban Heritage The Designation of Kota Pusaka (Heritage City) The Revitalisation of Historic Sites in Palembang The Establishment of Heritage Expert Team (TACB) The Collective Efforts to Safeguard the Cultural Heritage Cultural Preservation and Heritage Branding in Palembang: The Issues and Challenges Conclusion Notes References Part V: Urban Sustainability and Resilience Chapter 22: Planning for Resilience in Bandung: Case Studies of Local Disaster Management Strategies Introduction Community-based Disaster Risk Management The Context of Indonesia Society and Governance Gotong Royong Disaster Management (DM) in Bandung – Institutional and Legal Frameworks Relationship Between State and Citizen – Communication, Participation, and Trust Research Design and Methodology Results: Community-based Disaster Risk Management in Bandung Household Surveys Focus Groups – Development of Action Plans: Achievements and Obstacles Government Representatives The Role of the Bandung Spatial Plan Discussion: What are the Underlying Factors that Affect the Quality of the Community-based Disaster Preparedness, as Evidenced in Tamansari and Ciumbuleuit Sub-districts? Conclusions and Recommendations Notes References Chapter 23: Planning for Sustainability and Resilience in Ternate: A Situated Knowledge Introduction Situated Knowledge : Three Situations in Urban Planning Urban Planning in Ternate: Possibilities and Dilemmas Pragmatic Strategy for Sustainability Coastal Ecosystem Local Development, Carbon Emission, and Disasters Solid Waste Management, Water, and Sanitation Resiliency: Coping with Nature and Regional Cooperation Disaster Risk Mitigation and Coping Strategies Regional Cooperation: Help Thy Neighbour Conclusion Notes References Chapter 24: Towards a Sustainable Life of Local Communities in Coastal Cities: A Longitudinal Study of New Town Development in Makassar Background Coastal Cities Development Linking Livelihood Assets to Quality of Life to Promote Sustainable Development Makassar City and Its Surrounding Development: Transformation of the Urban Area Impact of the New Town Development to Sustainable Life of Local Communities New Town Developments Towards Sustainable Development Goals: Between Hope and Reality Conclusion Note References Chapter 25: Path Leading to Urban Sustainability: Reflections from Solid Waste Management in Surabaya Introduction Policy Development and Path Dependence Solid Waste Management in Surabaya from a Path Dependency Point of View The Spillover Beyond Cooperation in Solid Waste Management in Surabaya Advancement in Solid Waste Management and its Contribution to the SDGs Conclusion References Chapter 26: Equal Access to Water in Cirebon Regency Urban Area: The Role of Spatial Plan Introduction Spatial Planning and Access to Water: Theoretical Review Access to Water The Role of Spatial Planning Overview of Cirebon Regency Overview of Policy in Cirebon Regency Overview of Physical, Economic, Social-Demographic Conditions Analysis and Discussion Analysis of Clean Water Access Infrastructure Inequality Geographic Inequality Demographic Inequality Direction of Spatial Plan of Cirebon Regency in Improving Access to Water Supply Location and Land-Use Infrastructure Development Policy Related to Access to Water Supply Improving Access to Water and the Sustainable Development Goals Conclusion References Chapter 27: Conclusion: Seeing from Urban Indonesia Learning from Planning Indonesian Cities Informality, Insurgency, and Social Inclusion Design, Spatial, and Economic Practices Creative and Innovative Practices Urban Sustainability and Resilience Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda Concluding Remarks Note References Index