Data Assimilation: Making Sense of Observations

Description

Data assimilation methods were largely developed for operational weather forecasting, but in recent years have been applied to an increasing range of earth science disciplines. This book will set out the theoretical basis of data assimilation with contributions by top international experts in the field. Various aspects of data assimilation are discussed including: theory; observations; models; numerical weather prediction; evaluation of observations and models; assessment of future satellite missions; application to components of the Earth System. References are made to recent developments in data assimilation theory (e.g. Ensemble Kalman filter), and to novel applications of the data assimilation method (e.g. ionosphere, Mars data assimilation). Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Data Assimilation and Information....Pages 3-12 Mathematical Concepts of Data Assimilation....Pages 13-39 Variational Assimilation....Pages 41-67 Ensemble Kalman Filter: Current Status and Potential....Pages 69-92 Error Statistics in Data Assimilation: Estimation and Modelling....Pages 93-112 Bias Estimation....Pages 113-135 The Principle of Energetic Consistency in Data Assimilation....Pages 137-216 Evaluation of Assimilation Algorithms....Pages 217-240 Initialization....Pages 241-260 Front Matter....Pages 261-261 The Global Observing System....Pages 263-281 Assimilation of Operational Data....Pages 283-299 Research Satellites....Pages 301-321 Front Matter....Pages 323-323 General Concepts in Meteorology and Dynamics....Pages 325-349 The Role of the Model in the Data Assimilation System....Pages 351-379 Numerical Weather Prediction....Pages 381-406 Front Matter....Pages 407-407 Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry and Constituent Transport....Pages 409-430 Representation and Modelling of Uncertainties in Chemistry and Transport Models....Pages 431-448 Constituent Assimilation....Pages 449-490 Inverse Modelling and Combined State-Source Estimation for Chemical Weather....Pages 491-513 Front Matter....Pages 515-515 Ocean Data Assimilation....Pages 517-547 Front Matter....Pages 515-515 Land Surface Data Assimilation....Pages 549-597 Assimilation of GPS Soundings in Ionospheric Models....Pages 599-619 Front Matter....Pages 621-621 Reanalysis: Data Assimilation for Scientific Investigation of Climate....Pages 623-646 Observing System Simulation Experiments....Pages 647-679 Data Assimilation for Other Planets....Pages 681-699 Back Matter....Pages 701-718