Why Stand-up Matters: How Comedians Manipulate and Influence
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Funny, lively and unpredictable, stand-up comedy is above all a medium to be enjoyed. Popular as a good night out and packing the TV schedules, stand-up permeates British society and culture. But ubiquitous though it is, we are generally reluctant to consider stand-up’s social consequences. When comedians offend we seem ready to consider the potential for stand-up to do some wider harm, yet we rarely consider the good that stand-up might do. This book looks at the social and political impact of stand-up comedy in both its positive and negative forms. It demonstrates how comedy audiences allow themselves to be manipulated, and the potential harm - and material benefits - that may arise from ‘just’ being funny. Title Page Copyright Page Contents Acknowledgements Notes on the Transcriptions Interviews Comedians in performance Introduction Manipulation, Influence and Stand-up Comedy Manipulation and influence Stand-up comedy The methods used Part 1 Joking is Manipulation Chapter 1 Why Comedians Need Manipulation Control What comic theory says: Challenge versus innocent humour What comic theory says: Joking and manipulation ‘I’m not that kind of comedian’ Challenging positively Chapter 2 Safe Space: From Manipulation to Influence The ambiguous relationship with truth Suspending values and moving moral boundaries What harm can it do? Part 2 The Tools of Manipulation Chapter 3 A Manipulative Environment How the venue manipulates1 The playground and the drinking-place The illusion of spontaneous conversation Constructing spontaneity Looking clever: A ‘higher’ kind of comedy Chapter 4 Manipulating Responses The extent of control The other reasons for laughing Patterning and the ‘unfinished’ gag Chapter 5 Comic Licence and Manufacturing Consensus The structure of an act, and the establishment of comic licence Manufacturing consensus: The (selective) use of logic Chapter 6 Persona and Status What is persona for? Dysfunction and the marginal world Democracy and the force of personality Part 3 Efficacy and Influence Chapter 7 Is Stand-up Comedy an Appropriate Medium for Debate? Joking and the mob mentality What comic theory says: Joking and the Establishment Chapter 8 How Stand-up Matters How opinions behave Preaching to the converted: The power of the reference group Opinion change as dissonance-resolution The diffusion of innovations: Comedian as change agent What is the practical impact? Conclusion Can Stand-up Change the World? Joking’s influence The importance of ethereal changes Endnotes Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Conclusion Bibliography Books Academic articles Newspaper and magazine articles Live performance Recorded performance Internet Interviews Miscellaneous Index About the Author
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