General Chemistry

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Front Cover Front Jacket Title Page PREFACE TO THE THIRD ENGLISH EDITION CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. Matter and Its Motion 2. Substances and Their Changes. The Subject of Chemistry 3. The Importance of Chemistry. Chemistryin the National Economy of the USSR 1 THE ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR CONCEPT 4. Law of Conservation of Mass 5. Essence of the Atomic and Molecular Concept 6. Elementary Substance and Chemical Element 7. Law of Definite Proportions. Law of Multiple Proportions 8. Law of Combining Volumes. Avogadro Law 9. Atomic and Molecular Masses. The Mole 10. Determining the Molecular Masses of Gaseous Substances 11. Partial Pressure of a Gas 12. Equivalent. Law of Equivalents 13. Determination of Atomic Masses. Valence 14. Chemical Symbols 15. Most Important Classes of Inorganic Substances 16. Chemical Calculations 2 MENDELEEV'S PERIODIC LAW 17. Mendeleev's Periodic Law 18. The Periodic Table of Elements 19. Significance of the Periodic Table 3 STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIODIC LAW 20. Radioactivity 21. Nuclear Model of the Atom 22. Atomic Spectra 23. The Quantum Theory of Light 24. Structure of an Atom’s Electron Shell According to Bohr 25. Initial Concepts of Quantum Mechanics 26. Wave Function 27. Energy State of an Electron in an Atom 28. Principal Quantum Number 29. Orbital Quantum Number. Shapes ol Electron Clouds 30. Magnetic and Spin Quantum Numbers 31. Many-Electron Atoms 32. The Pauli Exclusion Principle. Electron Configuration of Atoms and the Periodic Table 33. The Dimensions of Atoms and Ions 34. Ionization Energy and Affinity fo Electron 35. Structure of Atomic Nuclei. Isotopes 36. Radioactive Elements and Their Decay 37. Artificial Radioactivity. Nuclear Reactions 4 THE CHEMICAL BOND AND THE STRUCTURE OF MOLECULES 38. The Theory of Chemical Structure 39. Covalent Bond. The Method of Valence Bonds 40. Non-Polar and Polar Covalent Bond 41. Ways of Forming a Covalent Bond 42. Direction of a Covalent Bond 43. Hybridization of Atomic Electron Orbitals 44. Multiple-Centre Bonds 45. The Method of Molecular Orbitals 46. Ionic Bond 47. Hydrogen Bond 5 THE STRUCTURE OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS 48. Intermolecular Interaction 49. The Crystalline State of a Substance 50. The Infernal Structure of Crystals 51. Real Crystals 52. The Amorphous State of a Substance 53. Liquids 6 FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS 54. Energy Conversions In Reactions 55. Thermochemistry 56. Thermochemical Calculations 57. Rate of a Chemical Reaction 58. Dependence of Reaction Rale on the Reactant Concentrations 59. Dependence of Reaction Rate on the Temperature and Nature of the Reactants 60. Catalysis 61. Reaction Rate in Heterogeneous Systems 62. Chain Reactions 63. Irreversible and Reversible Reactions. Chemical Equilibrium 64. Displacement of Chemical Equilibrium. Le Chafelier's Principle 65. Factors Determining the Direction of Chemical Reactions 66. Thermodynamic Quantifies. Infernal Energy and Enthalpy 67. Thermodynamic Quantifies. Entropy and Gibbs Energy 68. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities. Chemico-Thermodynamic Calculations 7 WATER. SOLUTIONS 69. Water in Nature 70. The Physical Properties of Water 71. Phase Diagram of Water 72. The Chemical Properties of Wafer 73. A Characteristic of Solutions. The Dissolving Process 74. Concentration of Solutions 75. Hydrates and Crystal Hydrates 76. Solubility 77. Supersaturated Solutions 78. Osmosis 79. Vapour Pressure of Solutions 80. Freezing and Boiling of Solutions 8 SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES 81. Features of Solutions of Salts, Acids, and Bases 82. The Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation 83. The Dissociation Process 84. Degree of Dissociation. Strength of Electrolytes 85. Dissociation Constant 86. Strong Electrolytes 87. Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salts from the Viewpoint of the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation 88. Net Ionic Equations 89. Solubility Product 90. Dissociation of Wafer. pH 91. Shift of Ionic Equilibria 92. Hydrolysis of Salts 9 OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS. FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 93. Oxidation of Elements 94. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 95. Compiling Equations of Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 96. Most Important Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 97. Oxidation-Reduction Duality. Intramolecular Oxidation-Reduction 98. Chemical Sources of Electrical Energy 99. Eleetrode Potentials 100. Electromotive Series of Metals 101. Electrolysis 102. Laws of Electrolysis 103. Electrolysis in Industry 104. Electrochemical Polarization. Overvoltage 10 DISPERSED SYSTEMS. COLLOIDS 105. The Dispersed State of a Substance. Dispersed Systems 106. State of a Substance at a Phase Interface 107. Colloids and Colloidal Dispersions 108. Dispersion Analysis. Optical and Molecular-Kinetic Properties of Dispersed Systems 109. Sorption and Sorption Processes. Molecular Adsorption 110. Ion-Exchange Adsorption 111. Chromatography 112. Electrokinetic Phenomena 113. Stability and Coagulation of Dispersed Systems 114. Structure Formation in Dispersed Systems. The Physicochemical Mechanics of Solids and Dispersed Structures NAME INDEX SUBJECT INDEX Back Cover