Phosphorus-Centered Radicals, Radicals Centered on Other Heteroatoms, Organic Radical Ions. Part 2

Description

Volume II/26 supplements the previous compilations II/l, II/9 and II/17 of the magnetic properties of free radicals which were published in 1965, 1977–1980 and 1986–90. Due to the still rapid growth of the field and the necessary inclusion of new subjects the volume is divided into subvolumes which will appear in fast succession. Together with the earlier publications volume II/26 offers an up-to-date and comprehensive survey and collection of structures and data on the important chemical intermediates, namely radicals, polyradicals and related species such as carbenes, nitrenes, etc. As before the species have been grouped according to chemical aspects. The contents of the individual subvolumes are indicated on the inside of the front covers. For each group of substances the literature has been compiled and extracted by experts in the fields. A small overlap between the chapters is intentional and allows a maximum of coherence and comprehensiveness of the display. We wish to thank all the authors for their careful and experienced work and the most agreeable cooperation, the Landolt-Börnstein office, especially Mrs. A. Endemann, for the layouts and the untiring and careful checking of manuscripts and galley proofs, and Springer-Verlag for the customary care in the preparation of the volume which is published without external financial support. Zürich, December 2003 The Editor Table of contents Magnetic Properties of Free Radicals Subvolume E: Phosphorus-Centered Radicals, Radicals Centered on Other Heteroatoms, Organic Radical Ions Part 2 I Introduction I General introduction [H. Fischer]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 A Definition and substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Front-matter ISBN 9783540876397 Editor and Authors Preface Table of contents I General introduction A  Definition and substances B  Magnetic properties C  Arrangements of the tables D  Monographs, reviews and important conference proceedings III General symbols and abbreviations A  Symbols B  Abbreviations C  Substances or part of substances 16 Semiquinone radical anions 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Benzosemiquinones 16.2.1 1,2-Benzosemiquinones 16.2.1.1 Monosubstituted 1,2-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.1.1 16.2.1.2 3,4-Disubstituted 1,2-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.1.2 16.2.1.3 3,5-Disubstituted 1,2-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.1.3 16.2.1.4 3,6-Disubstituted 1,2-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.1.4 16.2.1.5 4,5-Disubstituted 1,2-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.1.5 16.2.1.6 Trisubstituted 1,2-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.1.6 16.2.1.7 Tetrasubstituted 1,2-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.1.7 16.2.1.8 Imino-1,2-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.1.8 16.2.2 1,4-Benzosemiquinones 16.2.2.1 Unsubstituted 1,4-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.2.1 16.2.2.2 Monosubstituted 1,4-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.2.2 16.2.2.3 Disubstituted 1,4-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.2.3 16.2.2.4 Trisubstituted 1,4-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.2.4 16.2.2.5 Tetrasubstituted 1,4-benzosemiquinones References for 16.2.2.5 16.3 1,4-Naphthosemiquinones References for 16.3 16.4 9,10-Phenanthrosemiquinones References for 16.4 16.5 9,10-Anthrosemiquinones References for 16.5 16.6 Other semiquinones References for 16.6 17 Organic radical cations 17.1 Introduction 17.1.1 Coverage of this chapter 17.1.2 Presentation of the data 17.1.3 Spectroscopic methods 17.1.4 Generation of radical cations 17.1.4.1 By metals in high oxidation states 17.1.4.2 By protic acids 17.1.4.3 By Lewis acids 17.1.4.4 By stable radical cations 17.1.4.5 By Zeolites 17.1.4.6 By anodic oxidation 17.1.4.7 By γ-, X-, or electron irradiation 17.1.4.8 By optically-detected electron spin resonance References for 17.1 17.2 Radical cations of alkanes References for 17.2 17.3 Radical cations of cycloalkanes 17.3.1 Radical cations of cyclohexanes References for 17.3.1 17.3.2 Radical cations of other cycloalkanes References for 17.3.2 17.4 Radical cations of alkenes 17.4.1 Radical cations of acyclic monoenes References for 17.4.1 17.4.2 Radical cations of acyclic di- and higher-enes References for 17.4.2 17.4.3 Radical cations of cyclic monoenes References for 17.4.3 17.4.4 Radical cations of cyclic di- and higher-enes References for 17.4.4 17.5 Radical cations of alkynes References for 17.5 17.6 Aromatic hydrocarbons 17.6.1 Benzene hydrocarbons References for 17.6.1 17.6.2 Radical cations of bi-, tri-, and tetra-phenylenes References for 17.6.2 17.6.3 Radical cations of biphenyls and higher biaryls References for 17.6.3 17.6.4 Radical cations of azulenes References for 17.6.4 17.6.5 Radical cations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons References for 17.6.5 17.7 Radical cations of cyclophanes References for 17.7 17.8 Radical cations of compounds of oxygen 17.8.1 Radical cations of aliphatic alcohols and ethers References for 17.8.1 17.8.2 Radical cations of furans References for 17.8.2 17.8.3 Radical cations of carbonyl compounds References for 17.8.3 17.8.4 Radical cations of phenols and aromatic ethers References for 17.8.4 17.9 Radical cations of compounds of nitrogen 17.9.1 Radical cations of aliphatic amines and derivatives References for 17.9.1 17.9.2 Radical cations of imines References for 17.9.2 17.9.3 Radical cations of diazo compounds References for 17.9.3 17.9.4 Radical cations of azo compounds References for 17.9.4 17.9.5 Radical cations of hydrazines References for 17.9.5 17.9.6 Radical cations of aromatic amines References for 17.9.6 17.9.7 Radical cations of nitroso and related compounds References for 17.9.7 17.9.8 Radical cations of pyrroles References for 17.9.8 17.9.9 Heteroaromatic compounds containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms References for 17.9.9 17.9.10 Heteroaromatic compounds containing 3 or 4 nitrogen atoms References for 17.9.10 17.9.11 Radical cations of heteroaromatic compounds containing both nitrogen and sulphur References for 17.9.11 17.10 Radical cations of compounds of sulfur. 17.10.1 Radical cation of sulfides References for 17.10.1 17.10.2 Radical cations of thiophenes References for 17.10.2 17.10.3 Radical cations of thiofulvalenes References for 17.10.3 17.10.4 Radical cations of aromatic and heterocyclic sulphur compounds References for 17.10.4 17.10.5 Radical cations of other compounds of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium References for 17.10.5 17.11 Radical cations of halides 17.11.1 Radical cations of alkyl halides References for 17.11.1 17.11.2 Radical cations of aryl fluorides References for 17.11.2 17.12 Radical cations of compounds of phosphorus References for 17.12 17.13 Radical cations of organometallic compounds 17.13.1 Radical cations of organosilanes References for 17.13.1 17.13.2 Radical cations of organomercury compounds References for 17.13.2 17.13.3 Radical cations of other organometallic compounds References for 17.13.3