Masters of the Steppe: The Impact of the Scythians and Later Nomad Societies of Eurasia: Proceedings of a conference held at the British Museum, 27-29 October 2017

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Masters of the Steppe: the impact of the Scythians and later nomad societies of Eurasia consists of 45 papers presented at a major international conference held at the British Museum in 2017 on the occasion of the BP exhibition Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia, both conference and exhibition being jointly organised with the State Hermitage Museum. There are 58 contributors and co-authors from 16 countries, mostly from Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, but also America, Britain, France, Germany, China and Mongolia. The papers range from new archaeological discoveries, results of scientific research and studies of museum collections to reconstructions of social elites, the phenomenon of monumental tomb construction, and ‘Animal Style’ art. Most results are presented for the first time in the English language and they throw a completely new light on a huge range of aspects of the lives of Scythians and other ancient nomads of Eurasia, their horses, rock art and the working of precious metals, textiles and other materials. Table of Contents Foreword – Hartwig Fischer Foreword – Mikhail Piotrovsky Preface and acknowledgements – Svetlana V. Pankova, St John Simpson Introduction The Sasanian and Gupta empires and their struggle against the Huns – T. Bakker Supersize me: political aspects of monumental tomb building in early steppe empires – Thomas J. Barfield Saka ‘Animal Style’: the ‘mysterious picture’ on a carved bone container from central Kazakhstan – Arman Z. Beisenov A Scythian treasure in the lands of the Getae: considerations regarding the hoard of Stâncești – Alexandru Berzovan Interactions between mobile pastoralists and settled agricultural societies in central Asia: examples from the work of the Eurasia Department of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) – Nikolaus Boroffka The Arzhan-2 ‘royal’ funerary-commemorative complex: stages of function and internal chronology – Konstantin V. Chugunov Scythian archers of the 4th century BC: a new archaeological study of excavated bows, arrows and quivers from the northern Black Sea region – Marina Daragan Fabergé and the gold making tradition in Russia – Caroline de Guitaut, LVO Scythians, Persians, Greeks and horses: reflections on art, culture, power and empires in the light of frozen burials and other excavations – Henri-Paul Francfort Textiles, dyes and pigments of the European Scythians: preliminary analyses of materials from southern Ukraine – Margarita Gleba, Ina Vanden Berghe, Marina Daragan Scythian gold from 19th century private collections in the Department of the Ancient World in the State Hermitage Museum – O. Gorskaya Scientific study of the etching process used on ancient carnelian beads – Clément Holé, Aude Mongiatti, St John Simpson Trade, community and labour in the Pontic Iron Age forest-steppe region, c. 700–200 BC – James A. Johnson The predator scene in Scythian ‘Animal Style’ as a socio-political indicator – Vladimir A. Kisel ‘Animal Style’ art: influences and traditions in the nomadic world – Elena Korolkova To accompany and honour the deceased: the horses from the graves of the Pazyryk culture – Sébastien Lepetz, K. Debue, D. Batsukh The royal *gaunaka: dress, identity, status and ceremony in Achaemenid Iran – Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones Scythian archery – Mike Loades A priestly burial from the Taksai-1 cemetery – Yana Lukpanova The Okunev culture: a unique Siberian civilisation and its links with Scythian and later cultures – Leonid S. Marsadolov Scientific analyses of some glass beads from Scythian and later sites in southern Siberia – Andrew Meek, Nikolai N. Nikolaev, St John Simpson Petroglyphs of the Scythian period in the Oglakhty mountains (Republic of Khakassia, Russia): new materials and problems of attribution – Elena Miklashevich Scythian and Sarmatian weapons with gold decoration – Raphael S. Minasyan Gold of Peter the Great: Scythian goldsmithing techniques – Aude Mongiatti, Elena Korolkova Life and death in the Scythian world of southern Siberia: a social bioarchaeological study of the mobile pastoralists from Aymyrlyg – Eileen Murphy, Yuri Chistov Pazyryk horse masks of Gorny Altai – Maria Ochir–Goryaeva Mummies and mannequins from the Oglakhty cemetery in southern Siberia – Svetlana V. Pankova Textile finds from the central burials of the Arzhan-1 barrow in Tuva – Svetlana V. Pankova, Elena A. Mikolaychuk, Lyudmila S. Gavrilenko, Leonid S. Marsadolov The Sarmatian conquest of the northern Pontic region: the state of the art of the problem – Sergei Polin The royal Scythian Alexandropol kurgan based on new research data of 2004–2009 – Sergei Polin, Marina Daragan New investigations of Scythian kurgans and their periphery in the lower Dnieper region: non-destructive measurements and archaeological proof – Sergej Polin, Marina Daragan, Kseniia Bondar The formation of the early Scythian cultural complex of the Kelermes cemetery in the Kuban region of the north Caucasus – Tatyana V. Ryabkova The results of new scientific analyses of gold bracelets from Taksai-1 and an iron sword from Issyk in the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan – A. K. Satubaldin, S. A. Yarygin, A. Mongiatti, D. O’Flynn, J. Lang Secrets of Achaemenid production of personal ornaments and vessels – Ekaterina A. Shablavina Jiang Yuan and north Chinese nomads – Daniil P. Shulga Mysterious transformations of the Scythian cultures in the 6th and 3rd centuries BC – P. I. Shulga Etched or bleached? Traded or copied? Comments on the dating and distribution of a distinctive type of decorated carnelian bead found from India to Eurasia from the early 1st millennium BC to the early medieval period – St John Simpson In hoc signo vinces: the victory of the Scythians over the offspring of their slaves as a manifestation of divine providence (Herodotus, The Histories 4.1 [3], 3, 4) – Nikolay Yu. Smirnov Testing Herodotus: leather species identification of Scythian quivers using new scientific methods – Luke Spindler, Margarita Gleba, Marina Daragan, Matthew Collins Saddles of the Hun-Sarmatian period – Elena V. Stepanova The wooden comb of the ‘golden lady’: a new battle image from the Taksai-1 kurgan (western Kazakhstan) – Lâtife Summerer, Yana Lukpanova Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 (based on materials from the archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of the History of Material Culture) – Natalia A. Sutiagina, Daria A. Kukina The Scythian empire: reassessing steppe power from western and eastern perspectives – Timothy Taylor, Christine M. Havlicek, Christopher I. Beckwith Antennae of Scythian akinakai: from abstraction to realism, there and back again – Denis Topal Settled rather than saddled Scythians: the easternmost Sakas – Burzine Waghmar ‘Steppe Style’ in southeast Gansu province (China) in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC – Raphael Wong Conclusions Bibliography Index