Bengali-English in East London: A Study in Urban Multilingualism
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Description
Following two major waves of immigration after World War II, the Bangladeshi community in the East London borough of Tower Hamlets is now one of the largest in the Bangladeshi diaspora, counting some 65,000 people. This is the first in-depth study of language and language-use within this Bangladeshi community. Based on a corpus of spontaneous speech data collected within the area, it provides the reader with an overview of the linguistic characteristics of ‘Bengali-English’ as well as patterns of language-use. This book focuses on three areas: first, following the tradition of similar studies of the language of minority groups, an analysis of Bengali-English morphosyntax provides a detailed description of its morphosyntactic properties and the different developmental stages learners pass through. Second, a sociolinguistic analysis of the influence of social and psychological factors on the language and its speakers is presented. And last, based on quantitative survey data, and supported by qualitative data obtained through ethnographic interviews, the study evaluates the issues of identity and ethnolinguistic vitality within the Bangladeshi community. Contens Acknowledgements 9 Chapter One: Introduction 11 1.1. Aims and objectives 11 1.2. Structure 14 1.3. Notes and conventions 15 Chapter Two: Tower Hamlets and the Bengali community 17 2.1. Brief introduction: the borough of Tower Hamlets 17 2.2. The Bengali community in Tower Hamlets 19 2.3. The aspect of language: Bengali, Sylheti and Identity 26 Chapter Three: Analytic framework: Describing Bengali-English 31 3.1. Social and Sociolinguistic Aspects 32 3.2. Psycholinguistic aspects in SLA 51 3.3. SLA specific theories - an outline 57 3.4. Theories in context: Core hypotheses of this study 73 Chapter Four: Methodological Issues 75 4.1. Preliminaries: Spontaneous speech versus experimental data 75 4.2. Obtaining speech data 78 4.3. Obtaining socio-biographic data 84 Chapter Five: Analysis of six syntactic categories 87 5.1. Compilation of corpus and choice of units for analysis 88 5.2. Assessment and analysis of utterances 92 5.3. Performance in six syntactic categories 96 5.4. Acquisition of copula 'he' and development of IP 104 5.5. Linguistic interference: Sylheti and the London vernacular 108 5.6 Summary 127 Chapter Six: Syntactic development and overall performance 131 6.1. Development of a global proficiency score 131 6.2. Development of a global proficiency score 134 6.3. Results 140 6.4. Summary: Syntactic development of interlanguages 155 Chapter Seven: A sociolinguistic Analysis of Bengali-English 159 7.1. Age of arrival, lenght of residence and performance 161 7.2. Evaluating differences: pre- and post-puberty learners 168 7.3. Adjusting the sample and predicting performance 172 7.4. Towards a sociolinguistic analysis 179 7.5. Social variables and L2 performance 197 Chapter Eight: Ethnolinguistic vitality 207 8.1. Recapitulation: Ethnolinguistic Vitality 207 8.2. Methodology, data collection and sample 210 8.3. Analysis and results 213 8.4. Evaluation and discussion 245 Chapter Nine: Epilogue 249 9.1. Acquisition as a multidimensional process 249 9.2. Bengali-English, Benglish and Sylheti-Cockney 251 9.3. The encapsulated community? 254 9.4. Beyond this study: future directions 255 Bibliography 257 Index 267
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