Advancements in Materials Science and Technology Led by Women

Description

This book is a noteworthy series of works authored by women from diverse research areas and expertise. This book contains research papers from fundamental, experimental, and empirical studies in the fields of mechanical engineering and materials science is included in this book series.  Methods for modelling data, structures, and materials using numerical and analytical techniques are described along with experimental data and methodologies. Preface Contents 1 Review: Role of Nanoparticles Growth and Alleviation of Abiotic Stress in Plants 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Nanoparticles of Metals 1.2.1 Gold (Au) 1.2.2 Silver (Ag) 1.2.3 Copper (Cu) 1.3 Possible Abiotic Stresses in Plants and Their Treatment with Nanoparticles 1.3.1 Drought 1.3.2 Flooding 1.3.3 Salinity 1.4 Conclusion References 2 Performance of Fibreglass Mat and Woven for Prosthetic Leg Socket Application 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Methodology 2.2.1 Material 2.2.2 Fabrication of Composite Split-Mould 2.2.3 Fabrication of Composite Leg Socket 2.2.4 Tensile Strength Test 2.2.5 Static Failure Test 2.3 Results and Discussion 2.3.1 Composite Split-Mould 2.3.2 Composite Leg Socket 2.3.3 Tensile Strength Test Result 2.3.4 Static Failure Test Result 2.4 Conclusion References 3 Investigation of Leakage in Underground Pipelines Using the Radiotracer Technology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Methodology 3.2.1 Development of Radiotracer Capsule 3.2.2 Radiotracer Experiments 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.3.1 Radiotracer Capsule 3.3.2 Radiotracer Experiments 3.4 Conclusion References 4 General Characteristics of Endophytes and Bioprospecting Potential of Endophytic Fungi 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Characteristics of Endophytes 4.2.1 Origin 4.2.2 Distribution 4.2.3 Host Plant Interaction 4.3 Endophytic Fungi 4.4 Natural Products from Endophytic Fungi 4.4.1 Antimicrobial Compounds 4.4.2 Anticancer 4.4.3 Antidiabetic 4.4.4 Antioxidant 4.4.5 Immunosuppressive 4.5 Conclusion References 5 Biochar-Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride Derived from Biomass Waste for Degradation of Pyrene 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Methodology 5.3 Results and Discussion 5.4 Conclusion References 6 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimisation of a 96-Well Microtitre Plate Coagulation Activity Assay 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Methodology 6.2.1 Synthetic Turbid Water Samples 6.2.2 Preparation of Coagulant Solutions 6.2.3 Development of the 96-Well MTP Coagulation Activity Assay 6.2.4 Experimental Design using RSM 6.2.5 Coagulation Activity of M. Oleifera Coagulant 6.2.6 Statistical Analysis 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.3.1 Statistical Analysis 6.3.2 Process Analysis of the MTP Coagulation Activity Assay 6.3.3 MTP Coagulation Activity Assay Optimisation and Model Verification 6.3.4 MTP Coagulation Activity Assay with Crude M. Oleifera Seed Extracts 6.4 Conclusion References 7 Nutrient Recovery from Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Deoiled Spent Bleaching Earth and Their Effect on Oil Palm Growth 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Methodology 7.2.1 Materials 7.2.2 Preparation of Nutrient-Enriched Sorbents 7.2.3 Nursery Trial 7.2.4 Analytical Techniques 7.3 Results and Discussion 7.3.1 Nutrient Recovery 7.3.2 Effect of Nutrient-Enriched Sorbents on Soil Properties 7.3.3 Effect of Nutrient-Enriched Sorbents on Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings 7.3.4 Comparison of Soil Treatment Performance 7.3.5 Plant Health by Leaf Colour Data Analysis 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Red Tilapia By-Product (Oreochromis Sp.) Hydrolysates: Bioactivities, Bioprocessing, and Potential Applications 8.1 Introductions to Red Tilapia Production and Its Processing By-Products 8.2 Bioactive Peptides 8.2.1 Antioxidant Peptides 8.2.2 Anticancer Peptides 8.2.3 Antimicrobial Activity 8.2.4 Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitory Peptides 8.3 The Production of ACE-Inhibitory Peptides 8.3.1 Microbial Fermentation 8.3.2 Chemical Hydrolysis 8.3.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 8.4 Purification of Peptides 8.4.1 Ultrafiltration (UF) 8.4.2 Chromatographic Approach 8.5 Red Tilapia By-Product as Protein Precursor for ACE-Inhibitory Peptides 8.5.1 Amino Acid Compositions of Tilapia By-Products 8.6 Future Outlook 8.7 Conclusions References 9 Microhardness and Process Parameter Optimization of Friction Stir Welding on an AA5052 Thin Plate 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 FSW Developments 9.2 Methodology 9.2.1 Taguchi’s Method 9.2.2 ANOVA Analysis 9.2.3 S/N Ratio 9.2.4 Experimental Procedure 9.2.5 Microhardness Measurement 9.3 Results and Discussion 9.4 Conclusion References 10 Residual Stress Optimization of Friction Stir Welding on an AA5052 Thin Plate 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Development of FSW 10.2 Methodology 10.2.1 Selection of Orthogonal Arrays 10.2.2 ANOVA Analysis 10.2.3 Experimental Procedure 10.2.4 Residual Stress Measurement 10.3 Results and Discussion 10.4 Conclusion References 11 The Effects of Fly Ash and Aluminium Trihydrate Incorporation on the Tensile and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Mixtures 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Methodology 11.2.1 Preparation of Sample 11.2.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis 11.2.3 Tensile Strength Test 11.2.4 Vertical Flame Test 11.3 Results and Discussion 11.3.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis 11.3.2 Tensile Strength Test 11.3.3 Vertical Flame Test 11.4 Conclusion References 12 Modeling and Simulation of Planar Micro-coils for Invasive Pressure Sensing 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Methodology 12.3 Results and Discussion 12.4 Conclusion References 13 Review on Electrochemical and Biosensors and Their Application 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Classification of Sensors 13.2.1 Sensor 13.2.2 Biosensor 13.2.3 Biosensors Based on Bioreceptors 13.2.4 Biosensors Based on Transducer 13.3 Electrochemical Sensors 13.3.1 Potentiometric Biosensors 13.3.2 Amperometric Biosensors 13.3.3 Conductometric Biosensors 13.4 Application of Electrochemical Sensors 13.4.1 Electrochemical Biosensors for Glucose Detection 13.4.2 Electrochemical Biosensors for Medical Diagnosis 13.4.3 Electrochemical Biosensors for Environmental Analysis 13.4.4 Electrochemical Biosensors for Food Monitoring 13.5 Conclusion References 14 Development of a Wireless Solar Power Transmission for Battery Chargers 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Methodology 14.2.1 Project Development 14.2.2 Hardware Development 14.3 Results and Discussion 14.4 Conclusion References 15 Short-Term Study on the Potential of Oil Palm Frond Biochar for Acid Sulphate Soil Amelioration 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Methodology 15.2.1 Soil Location 15.2.2 Oil Palm Frond Collection 15.2.3 Preparation of Oil Palm Frond Biochar 15.2.4 Preparation of Soil Sample and Incubation 15.2.5 pH and Conductivity Measurements 15.2.6 Particle Size Distribution 15.2.7 Water-Soluble Sulphate 15.2.8 Statistical Study 15.3 Results and Discussion 15.3.1 Characterization of Soil and Oil Palm Frond Biochar 15.3.2 Effect on Soil pH 15.3.3 Effect on Soil Electrical Conductivity 15.4 Conclusion References 16 The Stress Analysis of the Jack Rod Crankshaft on a Single-Cylinder Engine: A Study Using the Finite Element Method 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Methodology 16.2.1 Analytical Calculation 16.2.2 Models of Single-Cylinder Engine Crankshaft 16.2.3 Material Properties of Crankshaft 16.2.4 Crankshaft Meshing 16.2.5 Apply Load and Boundary Conditions 16.3 Results and Discussion 16.3.1 Deformation 16.3.2 Strain 16.3.3 Stress 16.4 Conclusion References 17 Antimicrobial Peptides, An Alternative Antimicrobial Agent Against Multi-drug-Resistant Microbes: Source, Application, and Potential 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Source, Mechanism of Action, Application, and Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides 17.2.1 The Source of AMP and Diversity 17.2.2 AMP Mechanisms of Action 17.2.3 The Applications of AMP 17.3 The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides 17.4 Conclusion References