Slovene: A Comprehensive Grammar

Description

Slovene: A Comprehensive Grammar is the most complete reference guide to the contemporary language. Key features of this new edition include: updated examples reflecting current usage, expanded discussions of particular areas of difficulty, a brief history of the language, dialects and register, clear distinction between written and spoken usage, new tables and charts for quick reference. The Grammar provides a jargon-free and systematic description of all parts of speech promoting an in-depth understanding of the Slovene language. Slovene: A Comprehensive Grammar is a key resource for linguists and students of Slovene at intermediate and advanced levels. Cover Title Copyright Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations and symbols Introduction The Slovene dialects The history of the written literary language 1 Phonology 1.1 The Slovene alphabet 1.2 The Slovene vowel system 1.3 Vowels 1.4 The tonemic system 1.5 Stress 1.6 The pronunciation of vowels in the spoken language 1.7 The Slovene consonant system 1.8 Voiced and voiceless consonants 1.9 Morphophonemic alternations inherited from Proto-Slavonic/Proto-Slovene 1.10 The alternation o/e 2 Nouns 2.1 Common nouns 2.2 Gender 2.3 Animacy 2.4 Number 2.5 Plural nouns 2.6 The dual 2.7 Collective nouns 2.8 Case 2.9 The declension of masculine nouns 2.10 Modification of the stem 2.11 Case variants 2.12 The declension of feminine nouns 2.13 The nouns máti 'mother' and hčí 'daughter' 2.14 Indeclinable feminine nouns 2.15 Feminine Christian names and surnames 2.16 The declension of neuter nouns 2.17 Modification of the stem 2.18 Irregular neuter declensions 2.19 Adjectives used as nouns 2.20 Use of cases 2.21 The stress of nouns 3 Adjectives 3.1 Types of adjectives 3.2 Usage 3.3 Declension 3.4 Definite/indefinite adjectives 3.5 Agreement of the predicative adjective 3.6 Colloquial forms of definite and indefinite adjectives 3.7 The so-called orphan accusative 3.8 Possessive adjectives 3.9 Indeclinable adjectives 3.10 Substantivised adjectives 3.11 The adjective ràd 3.12 Cases governed by predicative adjectives 3.13 The negative prefix nè- 3.14 The comparative degree 3.15 Comparatives formed by derivational means 3.16 Analytical means of comparison 3.17 Constructions using the comparative 3.18 Pseudo-comparatives 3.19 Indicating the degree of difference 3.20 The superlative 3.21 The constructions 'the most... of (all)'/ 'the least... of (all)' 3.22 The construction 'the . . . -est possible' 3.23 The prefix pre- 3.24 The stress of adjectives 3.25 The stress of the comparative 3.26 The stress of the superlative 4 Pronouns 4.1 Types of pronouns 4.2 Personal pronouns 4.3 The reflexive pronoun: sêbe 'self, selves' 4.4 Possessive pronouns 4.5 Demonstrative pronouns 4.6 Interrogative pronouns 4.7 Relative pronouns 4.8 Indefinite pronouns 4.9 Negative pronouns 4.10 Pronouns of totality: distributive and summative pronouns 4.11 Evaluative pronouns 4.12 The reciprocal construction drúg drúgega/drúgemu etc. 'each other, one another' 4.13 The emphatic pronoun sám '-self' 5 Numerals 5.1 Gender 5.2 List of cardinal and ordinal numerals 5.3 Cardinal numerals 5.4 Ordinal numerals 5.5 Collective numerals 5.6 Differential numerals 5.7 Multiplicative numerals 5.8 Fractions 5.9 Numerals in -ka 5.10 Numerals in -ica 5.11 Numerals in -ec 5.12 Numerals in -ak 5.13 Numerals in -ček 5.14 Numerals in arithmetic 5.15 Numerals in compound adjectives and nouns 5.16 Distribution 5.17 Adverbial numerals 6 Verbs 6.1 Verbal morphology 6.2 Aspect 6.3 Transitivity 6.4 Reflexive verbs 6.5 Person 6.6 Number 6.7 Gender 6.8 Tense 6.9 Mood 6.10 Voice 6.11 Conjugation 6.12 The infinitive 6.13 The present stem 6.14 The present tense 6.15 The thematic conjugations 6.16 The athematic conjugation 6.17 Negation of the present tense 6.18 First conjugation verbs in -a- 6.19 Second conjugation verbs in -i- 6.20 Third conjugation verbs in -je- 6.21 Fourth conjugation verbs in -e- 6.22 The use of the present tense forms of perfective verbs 6.23 The compound tenses and moods: the -I participle 6.24 The perfect tense 6.25 The future tense 6.26 The pluperfect tense 6.27 The present conditional 6.28 The past conditional 6.29 The imperative 6.30 The optative 6.31 Indeclinable present and past active participles (adverbial participles) 6.32 The present active adverbial participle 6.33 The past active adverbial participle 6.34 The present participle active 6.35 The past participle active 6.36 The past participle passive 6.37 The supine 6.38 The verbal noun 6.39 Modal verbs 6.40 Verbs used with an enclitic personal pronoun 6.41 Aspectual derivation 6.42 The derivation of perfective verbs (prefixation) 6.43 The basic meanings of the verbal prefixes 6.44 Imperfective verbs 6.45 Suffixation 6.46 Suppletive aspectual pairs 6.47 Verbs of motion 6.48 Place of stress in verbs 7 Adverbs 7.1 Formation of adverbs 7.2 Adverbs derived from adjectives 7.3 Adverbs derived from other parts of speech 7.4 Types of adverbs 7.5 Adverbs of time 7.6 Adverbs of place 7.7 Adverbs of time and place beginning with màrsi-/ mnógo- 'many a . . .'; málo-/rédko- 'hardly . . .' 7.8 Adverbs of manner 7.9 Adverbs of degree 7.10 Interrogative adverbs 7.11 Interrogative adverbs of cause and reason: zakáj/ káj/cemú 'why' 7.12 Interrogative adverbs of quantity, frequency and duration 7.13 Negative adverbs 7.14 Indefinite adverbs 7.15 Adverbs governed by prepositions 7.16 The comparative of adverbs 7.17 Analytical comparatives 7.18 The superlative of adverbs 7.19 The prefix pre- 7.20 Predicatives 8 Prepositions 8.1 The repetition of prepositions 8.2 Types of prepositions 8.3 Primary prepositions 8.4 Adverbial prepositions 8.5 Nouns used as prepositions 8.6 Derived prepositions 8.7 Secondary prepositions 8.8 The meanings of prepositions 8.9 Spatial prepositions 8.10 Temporal prepositions 8.11 Prepositions with causal meanings 8.12 Prepositions denoting purpose or intention 8.13 Prepositions expressing means and manner 8.14 Prepositions expressing concessive meanings 8.15 Prepositions expressing quantifying relationships 8.16 Prepositions expressing comparison 8.17 Other important prepositions 8.18 Prepositions governing prepositional phrases 9 Conjunctions 9.1 Types of conjunctions 9.2 Coordinating conjunctions 9.3 Subordinating conjunctions 10 Particles 10.1 Primary particles 10.2 Secondary particles 10.3 Interrogative and dubitative particles 10.4 Particles of affirmation and agreement 10.5 Particles of negation and disagreement 10.6 Connective or linking particles 10.7 Emphatic particles 10.8 Particles of possibility or probability 10.9 Particles of surmise and opinion 11 Interjections 11.1 Emotive interjections 11.2 Onomatopoeic interjections 11.3 Appellative interjections 11.4 Greetings 12 Word order 12.1 Declarative sentences 12.2 Interrogative sentences 12.3 The order of individual words 12.4 Clitic order 12.5 The negative particle ne 12.6 Clitics in initial position in a sentence, clause or question 13 Word formation 13.1 Affixation 13.2 Suffixation 13.3 Consonantal alternations 13.4 The derivation of nouns by suffixation (relational suffixes) 13.5 The derivation of nouns by suffixation (expressive suffixes) 13.6 The derivation of adjectives by suffixation 13.7 The derivation of verbs 13.8 The derivation of adverbs 13.9 Prefixation 13.10 Compound words Appendix 1 The social variants of Slovene Appendix 2 The Slovene vocabulary Bibliography Index