Green Economy in the Transport Sector: A Case Study of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Description

This open access book is interdisciplinary and provides cross-sectoral and multi-dimensional exploration of sustainable development and transportation in South Africa. Drawing on work from different disciplines, the book contributes not only to academia but also seeks to inform urban and regional policy with the view of contributing to the national aspirations of South Africa as espoused in the National Development Plan (NDP), 2030, National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF) Draft (2019), National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCASS) Draft (2019), Green Transport Strategy for South Africa (2018–2050), and National Transportation Plan (NATMAP), 2050. Adopting a multi-dimensional assessment, the book provides a background for co-production concerning climate change, sustainable development, and transportation in the Global South. The book contributes in its analysis of the institutional and legislative framework that relates to the climate change, skills and knowledge transfer, sustainable development, and transportation in South Africa, as these are responsible for the evolution of the green economy and transport sector in the country. The connections among different sectors and issues such as environment, transport modes, technology innovation, vehicle management and emission control, skills and knowledge transfer, legislative and policy framework, and the wider objectives of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially goals 11 to 13. The success stories relating to climate change, sustainable development, and transportation in South Africa are identified together with the best possible practices that may inform better environmental, urban and regional planning, policy, practice, and management. Preface I Preface II Acknowledgements Contents Editors and Contributors Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction 1.1 Vision 1.2 Strategic Objectives 1.3 The Approach to the Policy Recommendations 1.4 Case Study Reference 2 Environment, Climate Change and the Green Economy 2.1 Science of Climate Change 2.1.1 Sources of Greenhouse Gases 2.2 Impacts of Climate Change in South Africa 2.3 Climate Change and Its Impacts on the Transport Sector 2.4 Strategies to Reduce GHG Emissions in the Transport Sector 2.5 Discussion References 3 Transport Modes and the Green Economy 3.1 Background 3.1.1 Transition to Green Transport 3.1.2 The Concept of Green Transport and Its Contribution to Green Economy 3.1.3 Legislative and Policy Instruments 3.2 Study Aim and Specific Objectives 3.3 Research Methodology 3.3.1 Study Location 3.3.2 Research Design 3.3.3 Sampling Approach 3.3.4 Data Collection and Analysis 3.4 Results and Discussion 3.4.1 General Modal Spilt 3.4.2 Factors Influencing Modal Choice 3.4.3 Utilisation of Eco-Friendly Transport Modes 3.4.4 General Public Interest Toward Green Transport Modes 3.4.5 Enhancement Initiatives, Green Technology Development and Challenges 3.5 Summary of the Major Findings 3.6 Policy Recommendation for Sustainable Implementation of Green Transport 3.7 Conclusion References 4 Technology Innovations in Green Transport 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature Review 4.3 Methodology 4.4 Discussions 4.5 Challenges to Technology Innovation in Green Transport in Limpopo Province 4.6 Conclusions References 5 Vehicle Management and Emission Control and Maintenance 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Literature Review 5.3 Methodology 5.4 Limpopo Province Field Survey Results Discussions 5.4.1 Difficulty in Measuring Vehicle Emission Variations 5.4.2 The Effect of Vehicle Material Technology on Emission Control 5.4.3 The Effect of Vehicle Manufacturing Model on Emission Control 5.4.4 The Effect of Vehicle Maintenance Culture on Emission Control 5.4.5 The Effect of Misuse and Malfunctioning of Vehicles on Emission Control 5.4.6 The Effect of Driving and Fuel Delivery Engine Load on Emission Control 5.4.7 Vehicle Humidity, Catalyst and Ambient Temperatures and Emission Control 5.4.8 Quality of Fuel Used in the Vehicle 5.4.9 Inspection of Vehicles in Limpopo Province 5.5 Recommendations 5.6 Conclusions References 6 Skills and Knowledge Transfer for Transitioning into the Green Economy 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Methodology 6.3 Results and Discussions 6.3.1 Green Jobs and Skills Needs for the Green Economy in Transport Sector 6.3.2 Ranking of Preferred Careers and Institutions for Transition to Green Economy in the Transport Sector 6.3.3 Challenges that Could Hinder Transition to Green Economy in Transport Sector and Suggested Policy Recommendations 6.4 Conclusions References 7 Regulatory Frameworks, Policies, Norms and Standards 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Literature Review 7.3 Research Methodology 7.3.1 Questionnaire Survey 7.3.2 Stakeholder Mapping and Consultation 7.3.3 Secondary Data Analysis 7.3.4 Analytical Framework 7.4 Discussion of Research Findings and Results 7.4.1 Status Quo of South Africa’s Transport Policy and Legislative Framework with Respect to Green Transport 7.4.2 Green Transport Strategy 7.4.3 The Intersection of the Transport Policy and Legislative Framework with Energy Dimensions 7.4.4 South Africa’s Transport Policy and Legislative Framework Implications for Green Transport Innovation and Technologies 7.4.5 Norms and Standards in the Transport Sector of South Africa 7.4.6 Green Economy and Transport Initiatives in South Africa 7.4.7 Sustainable and Safe Transport Policies and Programmes in Limpopo Province, South Africa 7.5 Transport, Policy, Norms and Standards in Limpopo Province: Case Study Findings 7.5.1 Lack or Absence of a Provincial Green Transport Policy 7.5.2 Lack of or Absence or Inadequate Green Transport Budgeting and Accounting 7.5.3 Inadequate Research and Innovation Think-Tank on Green Transport in Limpopo Province 7.5.4 Existing Spatial Patterns of Settlements in Limpopo Province Present Green Transport Implementation Challenges and Opportunities 7.5.5 Existence of a Conducive National Transport Policy, Regulations, Norms and Standards to Act as Platforms for Implementing Provincial Customized Green Transport Solutions 7.5.6 Lack or Absence or Inadequate Coverage of Green Transport Qualifications or Programme Offering in Limpopo Province 7.5.7 Lack of a One Transport Governance Approach in (Re)solving Issues 7.5.8 Overcoming Constraints to Implementing Green Transport in Limpopo Province 7.5.9 Synthesis of Green Transport in Limpopo Province 7.6 Chapter Recommendations 7.7 Conclusions References 8 Conclusion 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Synthesis 8.3 Research and Policy Directions 8.4 Future Thoughts References