Informatics for Health Professionals

Description

Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents Contents Preface Acknowledgments Contributors A Visual Walkthrough Chapter 1 Informatics, Disciplinary Science, and the Foundation of Knowledge Introduction The DIKW Paradigm The Foundation of Knowledge Model Core Informatics Competencies Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 2 Introduction to Information, Information Science, and Information Systems Introduction Information Information Science Information Processing Information Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Introduction to Information Systems Information Systems Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 3 Computer Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Model Introduction The Computer as a Tool for Managing Information and Generating Knowledge Computer Components Hardware Acquisition of Data and Information: Input Components Processing of Data and Information: Throughput or Processing Components Dissemination: Output Components What Is the Relationship of Computer Science to Knowledge? How Does the Computer Support Collaboration and Information Exchange? What is the Human–Technology Interface? Looking to the Future Quantum Computing Voice-Activated Communicators Game and Simulation Technology Virtual Reality Mobile Devices Summary Working Wisdom Application Scenario Thought-Provoking Questions References Chapter 4 Introduction to Cognitive Science and Cognitive Informatics Introduction Cognitive Science Sources of Knowledge Nature of Knowledge How Knowledge and Wisdom are used in Decision Making Cognitive Informatics Cognitive Informatics and Healthcare Practice What Is Artificial Intelligence? Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 5 Ethical and Legal Aspects of Health Informatics Introduction Ethics Bioethics Ethical Dilemmas and Morals Ethical Decision Making Theoretical Approaches to Healthcare Ethics Applying Ethics to Informatics Case Analysis Demonstration Examine the Ethical Dilemma Thoroughly Comprehend the Possible Alternatives Available Hypothesize Ethical Arguments Investigate, Compare, and Evaluate the Arguments for Each Alternative Choose the Alternative You Would Recommend Act on Your Chosen Alternative Look at the Ethical Dilemma and Examine the Outcomes While Reflecting on the Ethical Decision New Frontiers in Ethical Issues Legal Aspects of Health Informatics Overview of the HITECH Act Definitions Purposes How the HITECH Act Changed HIPAA HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules The HITECH Act–Enhanced HIPAA Protections Implications for Practice Being Involved and Staying Informed Protecting Yourself Ethical and Legal Issues and Social Media Recent Regulations Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 6 Systems Development Life Cycle Introduction Waterfall Model Feasibility Analysis Design Implement Test Maintain Rapid Prototyping or Rapid Application Development Object-Oriented Systems Development Dynamic System Development Method Computer-Aided Software Engineering Tools Open-Source Software and Free- or Open-Source Software Interoperability Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 7 Administrative Information Systems Introduction Principles of Interoperability Types of Healthcare Organization Information Systems Case Management Information Systems Communication Systems Core Business Systems Order Entry Systems Patient Care Support Systems Aggregating Patient and Organizational Data Department Collaboration and Exchange of Knowledge and Information Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 8 The Human–Technology Interface Introduction The Human–Technology Interface The Human–Technology Interface Problem Improving the Human–Technology Interface Axiom 1: Users Must Be an Early and Continuous Focus During Interface Design Axiom 2: The Design Process Should Be Iterative, Allowing for Evaluation and Correction of Identified Problems Axiom 3: Formal Evaluation Should Take Place Using Rigorous Experimental or Qualitative Methods A Framework for Evaluation Future of the Human–Technology Interface Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge Additional Resources References Chapter 9 Electronic Security Introduction Securing Network Information Authentication of Users Threats to Security Security Tools Off-Site Use of Portable Devices Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 10 Workflow and Beyond Meaningful Use Introduction Workflow Analysis Purpose Workflow and Technology Optimization Workflow Analysis and Informatics Practice Building the Design Team Value Added Versus Non–Value Added Waste Variation Transitioning to the Future State Informatics as a Change Agent Measuring the Results Future Directions Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 11 The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics Introduction Setting the Stage Components of Electronic Health Records Overview Health Information and Data Results Management Order Entry Management Decision Support Electronic Communication and Connectivity Patient Support Administrative Processes Reporting and Population Health Management Advantages of Electronic Health Records Ownership of Electronic Health Records Flexibility and Expandability of Electronic Health Records Accountable Care Organizations and the EHR The Future Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 12 Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety, Quality Outcomes, and Interdisciplinary Collaboration Introduction What Is a Culture of Safety? Strategies for Developing a Safety Culture Informatics Technologies for Patient Safety Technologies to Support the Medication Administration Cycle Additional Technologies for Patient Safety Interdisciplinary Collaboration Role of the Health Informaticist Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge Additional Resources References Chapter 13 Patient Engagement and Connected Health Introduction Consumer Demand for Health Information Health Literacy and Health Initiatives Healthcare Organization Approaches to Engagement Promoting Health Literacy in School-Age Children Supporting Use of the Internet for Health Education Future Directions for Engaging Patients Telehealth: A Tool for Connected Health Telehealth Care Telehealth Transmission Formats and Their Clinical Applications Store-and-Forward Telehealth mHealth Tools of Home Telehealth Central Stations, Web Servers, and Portals Peripheral Biometric (Medical) Devices Telephones Video Cameras and Videophones Personal Emergency Response Systems Sensor and Activity-Monitoring Systems Medication Management Devices Special Needs Telecommunications-Ready Devices The Patient’s Role in Telehealth Health Care in the Future Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge Additional Resources References Chapter 14 Using Informatics to Promote Community and Population Health Introduction Core Public Health Functions Community Health Risk Assessment: Tools for Acquiring Knowledge Processing Knowledge and Information to Support Epidemiology and Monitoring Disease Outbreaks Applying Knowledge to Health Disaster Planning and Preparation Informatics Tools to Support Communication and Dissemination Using Feedback to Improve Responses and Promote Readiness Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 15 Informatics Tools to Support Healthcare Professional Education and Continuing Education Introduction: Professional Education and the Foundation of Knowledge Model Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing Evolution of Learning Management Systems Delivery Modalities Face-to-Face Delivery Versus Collaborative Learning Online Delivery Hybrid or Blended Delivery Technology Tools Supporting Education Tutorials Case Scenarios Portfolios Simulations (with Contributions by Nickolaus Miehl) Virtual Worlds Virtual Reality Serious Games (Contributed by Brett Bixler) Internet-Based Tools Webcasts and Webinars Searching Instant Messaging Chats and Online Discussions (Blogs) Electronic Mailing Lists Portals Podcasts: Audiopods and Videopods Multimedia Promoting Active and Collaborative Learning Knowledge Dissemination and Sharing Networking Presenting and Publishing Continuing Education and Recertification Fair Use and Copyright Restrictions The Future Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge Additional Resources References Chapter 16 Data Mining as a Research Tool Introduction: Big Data, Data Mining, and Knowledge Discovery KDD and Research Data Mining Concepts Data Mining Techniques Data Mining Models Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) Six Sigma Sample, Explore, Modify, Model, Assess (SEMMA) Data Mining and Electronic Health Records Ethics of Data Mining Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge Additional Resources References Chapter 17 Finding, Understanding, and Applying Research Evidence in Practice Introduction Information Literacy Acquiring Knowledge Through Internet and Library Holdings Professional Online Databases Search Engines Electronic Library Catalogs Information Sharing and Fair Use Clarification of Research Terms History of EBP Evidence Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice Barriers to and Facilitators of EBP Informatics Tools to Support EBP Developing EBP Guidelines Meta-Analysis and the Generation of Knowledge The Future Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge Additional Resources References Chapter 18 Bioinformatics, Biomedical Informatics, and Computational Biology Introduction Bioinformatics, Biomedical Informatics, and Computational Biology Defined Why Are Bioinformatics and Biomedical Informatics so Important? What Does the Future Hold? Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Chapter 19 The Art of Delivering Patient-Centered Care in Technology-Laden Environments Introduction Caring Theories Presence Strategies for Enhancing Caring Presence Reflective Practice Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge Additional Resources References Chapter 20 Generating and Managing Organizational Knowledge Introduction Foundation of Knowledge Model Revisited The Nature of Knowledge Knowledge Use in Practice Characteristics of Knowledge Workers Knowledge Management in Organizations Managing Knowledge Across Disciplines The Learning Healthcare System Summary Thought-Provoking Questions Apply Your Knowledge References Appendix A Allied Health Professional Organizations Appendix B Emerging Health Care Technologies by ­Discipline Abbreviations Glossary Index