Zero-Point Hubris: Science, Race, and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Latin America

Description

Operating within the framework of postcolonial studies and decolonial theory, this important work starts from the assumption that the violence exercised by European colonialism was not only physical and economic, but also ‘epistemic’. Santiago Castro-Gómez argues that toward the end of the eighteenth century, this epistemic violence of the Spanish Empire assumed a specific form: zero-point hubris. The ‘many forms of knowing’ were integrated into a chronological hierarchy in which scientific-enlightened knowledge appears at the highest point on the cognitive scale, while all other epistemes are seen as constituting its past. Enlightened criollo thinkers did not hesitate to situate the Black, Indigenous, and mestizo peoples of New Granada in the lowest position on this cognitive scale. Castro-Gómez argues that in the colonial periphery of the Spanish Americas, Enlightenment constituted not only the position of epistemic distance separating science from all other knowledges, but also the position of ethnic distance separating the criollos from the ‘castes’. Epistemic violence—and not only physical violence—is thereby found at the very origin of Colombian nationality. Contents Translators’ Introduction Preface to the English Edition Introduction 1 Places of Enlightenment: Colonial Discourse and the Geopolitics of Knowledge in the Age of Enlightenment 2 Purus Ab Omnia Macula Sanguinis: The Apparatus of Whiteness in New Granada 3 Imperial Biopolitics: Health and Disease Under the Bourbon Reforms Illegitimate Knowledges: The Enlightenment as Apparatus of Epistemic Expropriation 5 Striated Spaces: Geography, Territorial Politics, and Population Control Epilogue Appendix: The Eighteenth Century: The Birth of Biopolitics Bibliography Index