Artificial Intelligence And Its Discontents: Critiques From The Social Sciences And Humanities

Description

This book answer this below question by drawing on a range of critical approaches across the social sciences and humanities, including posthumanism, ethics and human values, media and communications, linguistics, governance and justice studies, surveillance studies, Black feminism, and social and political resistance. On what basis can we challenge Artificial Intelligence (AI)―its infusion, investment, and implementation across the globe? . The authors analyse timely topics, including bias and language processing, responsibility and machine learning, COVID-19 and AI in health technologies, bio-AI and nanotechnology, digit ethics, AI and the gig economy, and representations of AI in literature and culture. This book is for those who are currently working in the field of AI critique and disruption. It is also a book for those who want to learn more about how to doubt, question, challenge, reject, reform and otherwise reprise “AI” as it has been practiced and promoted. Acknowledgments Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Tables Introduction: Critical Insights—Bringing the social sciences and humanities to AI The Birth of AI Criticism: Discontent from Within From Social Problems to Machines: Connecting Criticism to Computing Collecting Critical Approaches: Chapter Overview Part I: Posthumanism Part II: Human Values Part III: Media and Language Part IV: Governance Part V: Resistance References Posthumanism Virtually Grown Up: Posthumanism and Artificial Intelligence in Fiction for Young People Rectification or Wreckage? Posthumanism, AI, and Literary Theory Screened Out: Aetonormativity and YLM in the Digital Era Kids, Grown-Ups, and Virtuality: The Semiotic Intersection of Aetonormativity and AI References The Feminised Robot: Labour and Harawayan Afterlives Introduction—What’s Behind the Curtain? A Return to Labour The Feminised Robot How Does It Work? Conclusion Works Cited Human values AI’s Fast and Furtive Spread by Infusion into Technologies That Are Already in Use—A Critical Assessment Introduction Beneficence Advantages Open Issues Non-maleficence Privacy Infringement Online Nudging Nature of the Harms Justice Varying Preferences Personalized Experiences Centralization of Online Influence Autonomy AI in Online Choice Environments Who Hands Over Decision-Support Powers to AI? Explicability When Does AI Work? The Ambiguity Surrounding Version Updates Concluding Remarks References Dumbwaiters and Smartphones: The Responsibility of Intelligence Deaf and Dumb Call and Response Purpose Driven Life Smart Furniture, Intelligent Algorithms Speak Up Artful Dodgers References Media and Language Artificial Intelligence: A Medium that Hides Its Nature Dialogue and Anthropomorphism AI and Writing Finding the Author in Knowledge Medium AI as a Medium in Images Conclusion Bibliography Gender Bias in Machine Translation Systems Introduction AI Ethics Guidelines and Natural Language Processing Bias in Natural Language Processing Gender Bias in Machine Translation Training Data Mitigating Gender Bias in Machine Translation Systems Conclusion References Governance Not Anytime Soon: The Clinical Translation of Nanorobots and Its Biocompatibility-Interdisciplinarity Critique Introduction How We Got Here: The Quest for Higher AI Where We Are: The Pursuit of Strong-(Bio)AI Bio-AI and Its Biocompatibility Problem Bio-AI and Its Translatability Within a Regulatory Context Where Next: Contextualising Bio-AI Within Its Environment Conclusion References Controversial Covid-19 Contact-Tracing App in India: Digital Self-Defence, Governance and Surveillance Introduction Aarogya Setu Discussion Governance Surveillance Data Justice Legal Contours Privacy Conclusion References ‘Intelligent Justice’: AI Implementations in China’s Legal Systems Introduction The Structure and Environment of China’s AI Research China’s Judicial Challenges Intelligent Perception Perceptual Technologies in Public Security Perceptual Intelligence in the Judiciary Intelligent Cognition Cognitive Assistance in Use Challenges to the Cognitive Model Intelligent Decision-Making Autonomous Applications in the Public Sphere Digitized Agency and Future Considerations Conclusion References Resistance Artificial Intelligence Between Oppression and Resistance: Black Feminist Perspectives on Emerging Technologies Introduction Black Feminist Theory—Brief Overview AI & the Oppression of Black Women Economic Oppression Political Oppression Cultural Oppression AI & Resistance by Black Women Political Activism New Frameworks for the Study of AI-Based Technologies Technology Designs for Social Justice Conclusion Bibliography Predators in the Attention Economy: Identification and Defense From Cyberia to Surveillance Capitalism Predators in the Attention Economy: The Risks Backs up Against the Future Consequences: From Neoliberalism to Neofeudalism Options Option 1—Just Say No: #OptOut Movements Option 2—Technology Ethics Option 3: Antitrust Legislation Option 4: Kill the King—Overthrow Capitalism! Option 5: Brain Surgery on the Two Superintelligent Social Systems Reconstructing the Future Index